What US Census Takers Do

What US Census Takers Do Americans who, for reasons unknown, don't finish and return a Census Bureau poll can anticipate an individual visit from an evaluation taker or enumerator.What do the enumerators registration takers need to do? As indicated by Census Bureau Director Kenneth W. Prewitts April 5, 2000 declaration to the House Subcommittee on the Census, Each enumerator is given a cover of addresses around there that incorporates every one of those addresses for which we have not gotten a finished poll. Since houses without numbers and road name delivers can be hard to track down, enumerators in rustic regions likewise get maps that have the lodging unit areas spotted on them. The enumerator must go to each address in the task region to finish the fitting survey (either short structure or long structure) for the lodging unit and its inhabitants. Registration Taker Key Takeaways Registration Takers, or â€Å"Enumerators,† are workers of the U.S. Enumeration Bureau who visit the homes of people who don't finish and return a statistics survey. The Census Taker will meet any accessible grown-up individual from the family unit so as to finish the registration questionnaire.The Census Taker will make at any rate six endeavors to visit the home, contact an inhabitant, and complete the questionnaire.Like all Census Bureau representatives, Census Takers are carefully restricted by law from uncovering any data accumulated and might be fined and detained for doing as such. For each address, the enumerator must: Meeting a family unit part in any event 15 years old and finishes the doled out survey. On the off chance that the unit was involved by an alternate family unit on Census Day, the enumerator finishes a survey for the tenants who lived there on Census Day by talking a learned individual, for example, a neighbor.If the present inhabitants were not specified somewhere else, the enumerator will likewise finish an evaluation poll for them for their Census Day address.If the lodging unit was empty on Census Day, the enumerator finishes fitting lodging inquiries on the poll by meeting a proficient individual, for example, a neighbor or flat manager.If the lodging unit was crushed or in any case nonexistent under registration definitions, the enumerator finishes a survey that gives the motivation behind why the unit ought to be erased from the statistics address list, by meeting an educated respondent, for example, a neighbor or condo administrator. What if no one's home? Will the evaluation taker simply leave? Indeed, however the individual in question will assuredly be back. The enumerator must make up to six endeavors to contact the inhabitant and complete a questionnaire.If nobody is home at an involved lodging unit, the enumerator gets however much data as could reasonably be expected about how to contact the tenants from a neighbor, building supervisor, or another source.The enumerator likewise leaves a notification at the location that they have visited and gives a phone number so the tenant can call back.The enumerator at that point makes up to two extra close to home visits (3 taking all things together) and three phone endeavors at reaching the family unit before getting however much data as could be expected to finish the poll from a learned source. Enumerators are told to make their callbacks on various days of the week and at various occasions of day.The enumerator must keep up a record of callbacks that rundowns each sort of callback made (phone or individual visit) and the specific date and time it happened. Enumerators are relied upon to ge t total meetings yet should get at any rate the status (involved or empty) and the quantity of individuals living in the unit. On the off chance that the enumerator presents a survey that contains this insignificant degree of information, the team chief must check the enumerators record of callbacks for the lodging unit to verify that techniques were appropriately followed. The group chief additionally holds these cases for conceivable further follow-up to get increasingly complete information. Team pioneers meet day by day with every enumerator to get and check finished work.Crew pioneers are required to ensure that the enumerators produce quality work at a pace of 1 to 1.5 finished polls every hour relying upon the kind of zone secured. Team pioneers check each finished survey for fulfillment and accuracy.In request to forestall adulteration of the information by enumerators, a level of every enumerators work is confirmed for exactness by a re-talk with staff. This staff checks an example of every enumerators work and may likewise confirm extra polls from enumerators whose work varies fundamentally from that of different enumerators working for a similar group pioneer. An enumerator who is found adulterating information is excused promptly and all the work must be revamped by another enumerator. Thus it goes until a finished registration poll has been finished and transformed into the neighborhood statistics office for each lodging unit address in America.Like every other representative of the Census Bureau, enumerators are subject by law to serious punishments including detainment for unveiling data outside of the necessary extent of their activity. What's more, recall, noting all censusâ questionnaires is required by law.â Enumeration Taker Jobs for the 2020 Census With the 2020 Census quick drawing nearer, the U.S. Statistics Bureau is presently enlisting, recruiting, and preparing a great many individuals across the country for transitory jobs.To be qualified for every one of the 2020 Census work, you must:Be at any rate 18 years old.Have a legitimate Social Security number.Be a U.S. citizen.Have a substantial email address.Complete an application and answer appraisal questions. (Some evaluation questions are accessible in Spanish. Be that as it may, an English capability test may likewise be required.)Be enrolled as legally necessary with the Selective Service System or have a passing exclusion, in the event that you are a male brought into the world after Dec. 31, 1959.Pass a Census-performed criminal personal investigation and a survey of criminal records, including fingerprinting.Commit to finishing training.Be accessible to work adaptable hours, which can incorporate days, nighttimes, or potentially weekends.For most occupations particul arly Census Taker-candidates must:Have a legitimate driver’s permit and access to a vehicle, except if open transportation is promptly accessible; andHave access to a PC with web and an email account (to finish training).Persons intrigued by part or full-time evaluation employments may apply online at the Census Bureau’s secure Census Careers Site. The application procedure takes around 30 minutes. You should give your Social Security number, personal residence, email address, telephone number, and your date and spot of birth.

An evaluation of the law surrounding forced marriages Essay

An assessment of the law encompassing constrained relationships - Essay Example Despite the fact that, the administration through enactment has attempted to dishearten constrained relationships, these approach measures have been inadequate in annihilating the dehumanizing practice. This troublesome in closure the custom originates from the way that the constrained marriage is profoundly established culture in the minority gatherings. As per the United Nations, Forced marriage comprises an infringement of individuals’ human rights. Constrained relationships additionally abuse the privileges of kids some of whom are constrained into relationships before they even arrive at the age of 10. Administrative reaction that truly attempts to address the issue has just been instituted as of late, yet they despite everything don't give enough cover to people in constrained relationships or under danger of being hitched mightily. In 2007, the Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act) was passed where casualties could get assurance orders from courts. As of late, the Con servative government has declared designs to make constrained marriage a criminal offense. This paper basically examines administrative endeavors by progressive UK government to react to the issue of constrained relationships among minority gatherings. Besides, it fundamentally breaks down the proposed endeavor to make constrained marriage a criminal offense. ... a Nobleman could just wed a noblewoman.1 To hold and unite power honorable families energized and constrained their youngsters to intermarry. Be that as it may, with social headway these practices were vanished before any legitimate strategy could be enunciated to address the issue. No one imagined that several years after the fact an advanced British society would think about the issue of constrained relationships. In the present and the only remaining century, UK society made the primary legitimate endeavor to debilitate constrained marriage in 1949. In the Marriage Act 1949 denied relationships between parties beneath the age of 16 in area 2.2 This law was fortified in the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 in Section 11 (an) (ii) put the period of assent for marriage at 16. The 1973 Act likewise gave security to people beneath the age of 18 requiring the assent of a legitimate representative3. Under the wedding causes act an individual matured somewhere in the range of 16 and 18 has the privilege to get assent for marriage through a court request, if the legitimate delegate absurdly rejects consent4. In the 1973 Act, all wedding relationship must beginning through the free assent of the two gatherings. In Section 12, the 1973 Act denies vitiating of assent by different elements like viciousness or pregnancy. In the 1960’s UK governments rolled out further legitimate improvements to address the issue as migrant networks kept on expanding their number in the UK. In 1962, the UK marked the United Nations Convention to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration5. The show came into power two years after the fact in 1964 and was embraced by the UK in 1970. Later in 1969 the UK passed the Family Law Reform Act 1969 characterized an individual younger than 18 as a minor. Under this definition a minor

The Rudolph Family Weekend

The Rudolph Family Weekend One week ago, everyones parents were here on campus, and I mean everyones but mine. In mathspeak, for all MIT students not equal to Kate Rudolph, the set of parents of those students is a subset of the set of people who were on campus for Family Weekend last weekend. And not only that! Brothers, sisters, grandparents! Okay, I exaggerate. I wasnt the only one whose parents didnt come, but sometimes it felt that way, and I got really homesick. I realized sometime last weekend that Ive been here for what is now over nine weeks, the longest Ive ever been away from home. I know people who go home or see their parents nearly every weekend, but those people are from Connecticut or New York. The trip to Chicago just isnt worth it for a weekend. But my Family Weekend was not completely lonely. My Uncle Jim and Aunt Maura and cousins Luke, Ally, and Erin live in the suburbs of Boston, and they came into Cambridge last weekend to spend the afternoon with me. That is once they found me Aside: The Story of My Phone: At some point several weeks ago, the screen on my phone developed a giant, spider-web shaped crack. The entire screen went black, except for a little triangle at the bottom, through which I could just barely make out what was going on, and since I have the button-sequences of my phone mostly memorized I was able to continue sending (poorly edited) texts and making phone calls. An interesting side effect of this was that I couldnt tell time for about a week, because my phone usually acts as my watch. My parents back in Illinois heard about this, and came to the rescue. You see, this summer, my sister threw her phone off a roller coaster. (Where by she threw it off a roller coaster I mean it accidentally fell off the roller coaster, completely unintentionally but the first one is funner to say. (Funner. It is a word. (Also, nested parentheses!))) The amusement park found it and sent it back to our house, but not before Laura had bought a replacement phone on ebay. So the phone my parents sent to my rescue was the eBay-phone, And the eBay-phone has issues. For some reason it uses a different service than phones do now, so it is continually looking for service and runs out of charge in about 12 hours. And sometimes, even when its fully charged and says it has signal, it wont make or receive calls or texts. Which is exactly what was happening last Saturday afternoon when Aunt Maura was trying to call me! End of Aside Eventually, the Boston Rudolphs caught up with me, and I took them on a tour of my floor, Tetazoo, and then we went on a walk through the MIT campus. There were lots of Family Weekend events going on, housemaster brunches and department-sponsored events and whatnot. And what did my cousins and I end up doing? I mean, wouldn’t you rather play beach volleyball on the pedestals in Lobby 7 and teach your imaginary class arithmetic in 32-123? Thanks to Uncle Jim and Aunt Maura for the super-cute video.

The Transformation Of Gfp And E. Coli As A Result Of Pglo

THE TRANSFORMATION OF GFP AND E. COLI AS A RESULT OF pGLO INTRODUCTION One of the most imperative functions in maintaining the development of evolution is the frequency of genetic transformation: the injection of foreign DNA into another organism’s DNA. This term is defined by the actions of a vector, but more specifically by the actions of plasmids and phages. However, in this experiment we are primarily focused on the effect of the pGLO plasmid transformation of GFP on the E. coli bacteria by introducing a second chromosome or a plethora of cloned plasmids. (Bassiri 2011) The pGLO plasmid will transform the E. coli bacteria with a gene called GFP that codes for the Green Fluorescent Protein in the genetic code. GFP was discovered in the jellyfish, Aequorea victoria as a green fluorescent light emitted from the jellyfish. It was typically seen in the dark upon its activation and since then has been used in studies relating to genetic transformation. (Chalfie and Tu 1994) The majority of the studies test the many different factors that are requi red in the transformation of pGLO which will determine the functionality of GFP in the E.coli bacterium. The first experiment in transforming GFP and E. coli was completed in 1994 by Chalfie and was further refined the same year. The experiment proved the importance of using restriction enzymes, and DNA ligase in the process of transforming GFP to identify arabinose as the primary activator, and to identify the ampicillinShow MoreRelatedGenetic Transformation Of E. Coli1166 Words   |  5 PagesGENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF E. COLI WITH pGLO AS A VECTOR USING THE HEAT SHOCK METHOD Katelyn Brown, L07 Introduction: Escherichia coli is a small, usually harmless bacterium that commonly resides in human intestines. First discovered by Theodor Escherich in 1885, it has become a widely used organism in the science world. 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E. coli was artificially induced that became a competent bacteria when it took the pGLO DNA, so it had the ability to have ampicillin resistance and fluoresced when arabinose was present. Two tubes with E. coli were labeled to differentiate which tube the pGLO was added to, then through several steps theRead MoreTransformation Of Escherichia Coli With pGLO Plasmid1560 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Transformation Of Escherichia Coli With pGLO Plasmid April 24, 2013 ABSTRACT: This experiment focuses on genetic engineering and transformation of bacteria. The characteristics of bacteria are altered from an external source to allow them to express a new trait, in this case antibiotic resistance. In is experiment foreign DNA is inserted into Escherichia coli in order to alter its phenotype. The goal of the experiment is to transform E. coli with pGLO plasmid, which carries a gene forRead MoreBacterial Transformation ( Escherichia Coli )1050 Words   |  5 Pages Bacterial Transformation (Escherichia coli) Kadian Jones Dr. F. Redway BIO 104- Lab 3 November 11, 2014 Introduction According to Medicine.net (2012), genetic transformation is a process by which the genetic material carried by an individual cell is altered by the incorporation of foreign/exogenous DNA into its genome. Competent cells are able to accept DNA presented by experimental influence or manipulation, and the application of genetic engineering with bacteria can aid inRead MoreCode Green Fluorescent in Bacteria1169 Words   |  5 PagesTransformation is an insertion of a gene into an organism in order to change or add certain traits to the organism. Bacteria transformation is a natural process that bacteria have evolved in order to take up free DNA from their environment. Today’s lab, we are transforming bacteria with a gene that code for green fluorescent protein (GFP) Our purpose for this lab is to demonstrate how bacteria transformation performs in different conditions. The results we got form this experiment is that E.coliRead MoreLara Guvelioglu. Bi 108 E2. Nahomie Rodriguez-S astre. 04/13/17.1632 Words   |  7 PagesEscherichia coli’s Genetic Transformation Using Vector Plasmid DNA pGLO Abstract The field of biotechnology involves the concept of genetic engineering, altering the DNA/genetic material of an organism using information from a different one. The process in which bacteria can obtain this manipulated genetic information from another source is called genetic transformation. The goal of this experiment was to genetically transform Escherichia coli bacteria’s DNA by inserting the vector pGLO plasmid which codesRead MoreBacterial Transformation Is The Process Of Transferring Bacteria1172 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Æ' Introduction: Bacterial transformation is the process of transferring bacteria. This begins with genetic transformation where genes transfer from an organism to another with the help of plasmid. Plasmid contains one or more piece of DNA within bacteria. This technique is used commonly in technology specifically designed for biology usage to enhance the culture around with positive results. It is also used to solve common world problems, such as human insulin and drought resistant crops. In thisRead MoreA Experiment On Bacterial Transformation Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pageswas to attempt bacterial transformation, and alter the initial plasmid of DNA to one that expressed GFP, and was therefore able to glow under the UV light. The methodology we used to complete this process was bacterial transformation which is a widely used method where foreign DNA is introduced into a bacterium, which can then amplify, or clone the DNA. Our results were that there was growth on all of the plates except for the -pGLO plate with LB and ampicillin. The results for the fluorescence ofRead MoreGenetic Transformation Of Genetic Dna877 Words   |  4 PagesGenetic transformation occurs when an organism’s genetic makeup is altered due to the introduction of new genetic information which is then incorporated into the organism’s genome. In this lab the pGLO plasmid is introduced into E. Coli bacteria, and incorporates the genes which code for the GFP and beta lactamase to the bacteria’s genome which as a result will be modified. To test the effects of the plasmid, bacteria treated with the plasmid were grown on separate plates, the first containing LB

Understanding General Anxiety Disorder And Cognitive...

Nina Haber Understanding General Anxiety Disorder and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Nina Haber Hunter College, The City University of New York As many as 4% of the US population have symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in any given year, and ~6% at some time during their lives (Comer 2004.) This disorder is a personality disorder that literally takes over someone’s life. It interferes with social, occupational, and other areas of important daily functioning. In order to meet the criteria for being diagnosed with GAD, a person must have had continuous anxiety and worry that lasts for at least 6 months. It is very difficult for the individual to control the anxiety and the worry that they are experiencing. This†¦show more content†¦When it is found in children, which is rare, it is usually anxiety and worry about their competence or how they are preforming in their lives. For each individual, the worry and anxiety may shift from one concern to another. There are many different interpretations of this disorder based on different type of psychological theories. The different viewpoints include sociocu ltural perspective, psychodynamic perspective, humanistic perspective, cognitive perspective, and biological perspective, though the most influential in the treatment of GAD are the biological and cognitive perspectives. The cognitive perspective often describe psychological problems as dysfunctional ways of thinking. There are many cognitive symptoms but one major one includes excessive worry which is a key characteristic of GAD. One assumption is the maladaptive assumption. One psychologist, Albert Ellis, discussed that many people are guided by irrational beliefs which leads them to act in irrational ways. He called them basically irrational assumptions, and included that many individuals with generalized anxiety disorder have these irrational assumptions. One includes â€Å"It is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way one would very much like them to be.† So when a person with these irrational assumptions are faced with situations that are stressful they inter pret them as dangerous and they tend to worry excessively for no reason. Another psychologist, Aaron Back, discuss

A Healthy Family Questionnaire Free Essays

What types of drinks do you usually have during the day and night? I will usually have one bottle of soda half way through the day. The rest of the day is water. How often does your family seek dental care? My children and I visit the dentist every six months for a cleaning. We will write a custom essay sample on A Healthy Family: Questionnaire or any similar topic only for you Order Now My husband has cleanings every 3 months due to having soft teeth. How often do family members have bowel movements? Urinate? Me: Varies but once every 2-3 days Husband: Every morning after coffee Son 1: once every 1-2 days Son 2: every2-3 days Daughter: 2-3 times a day All except Son2, urinate every few hours throughout the day and we are able to go 8 hours at night. Son 2 has a bladder like a horse and does not urinate nearly as often. Are laxatives used in your family? Explain. We do not use stimulant laxatives very often, but on occasion Son2 will need pedialax. Mostly we just make it a point to eat a high fiber diet and drink plenty of fluids to stay regular. How does your family relax? Relaxation starts with me and my husband on one couch and the kids the other couch. During this time we are usually reading, writing, playing games or watching TV. Within an hour or two everyone migrates to the couch were my husband and I are sitting and squishes their way in. By this time I have realized that relaxation time is over and I go find something else to do. What does your family do for enjoyment? Mostly we just like to be outside keeping active. Some of our favorite activities are bike riding, hiking, baseball and hockey. When does your family generally go to bed and awaken? Do family member go to bed and awaken at different times? The children start to prepare for bed at 8:00pm by changing into Pjs brushing teeth and getting in their last glass of water or snack before bed. By 8:30pm they are in bed and they are allowed to read until they fall asleep, no more than 30 minutes though. My husband stays up until 10 and I will usually stay up until about 11:00pm. My husband gets up at 5:30am and leaves for work at 6:30. I wake up at 6:30 and start waking the children between 6:50 and 7 am. Do any family members work at night? No Are there any hearing or visual problems that affect your family members? Both my Husband and I are near sighted. I require glasses on a daily bases, but my husband only needs them for long drives when his eyes get tired. Son2 seems to have an issue with tracking, but testing is still being done. Does pain seem to be a family problem? Explain how this is managed? Son2 and I both suffer from migraines. This is managed by taking Exedrine for me or Tylenol for him and going into a dark room to rest. Who makes the major family decisions? How? All major Family decisions are discussed between any members they involve and a decision is usually agreed upon. If a no agreement is made then it is up to me to make the decision. Describe the highest education level of all family members? Me: PN certificate Husband: Associates degree Son1: 5th grade Son2: 1st grade Daughter: 1st grade Describe the general mood of your family? We are generally happy and relaxed people. We like to take life as it comes and we make it a point not to stress over the little things. How does your family deal with change? Like most families there is an adjustment period whenever things change, but we all seem to handle it well. My husband and I try to keep the kids informed of any changes so they know what to expect. Explain your family responsibilities for house hold chores? Each child has a list of six chores in which they are responsible for every day. Each of their chores has a different degree of difficulty depending on their age. The chores can be small like put away your back pack, sneaker and coat when you walk into the house or bigger chores for my 10 year old would include taking out the trash or emptying the dishwasher. My husband and I fill in the gaps of what the kids missed or are not old enough to do. Explain discipline in your family. How are family members rewarded? Describe any aggression or violence that occurs in your family. I am the one that disciplines the children and decides on punishments. A punishment usually includes me revoking privileges or sending them to their room for a period of time. Spankings are not out of the question in my home, but they almost never used or needed. Family members are reward with praise and on occasion a special treat like a movie night or ice cream. The only aggression or violence you will see in my home are my children fighting. I usually let them work it out, but if they are hurting each other or the argument is lasting too long I will step in. Are contraceptives used? Yes Are parents comfortable answering questions and explaining topics related to sexuality to their children? Yes I discuss these thing with my children separately because they are all different ages they require a different degree of explanation. How does your family cope with major stressors? When we are stressed we just like quiet time to think or relax. I often warn people when I come in the door if my day was not good and I just need a few quiet minutes to distress before being asked 100 questions. Who copes with stress the best? That would have to be my husband. He just takes everything as it is and doesn’t really let anything bother him. What does your family want from life? That’s an easy one, to be happy. We don’t have a big house or fancy cars and it is not because we could not afford them if we needed them. We have tried having both parents work full time and we had plenty of money and much nicer cars, but we were always tired and we never spent any time together. We have found that we prefer to work less, have less and spend more time together. That is what makes us happy. What rules do your family hold most important? The one rule that we hold most import in our home is to show respect to everyone. Describe what your family does to try to stay healthy. To try to stay healthy we have a few simple rules in our house. For nutrition you must try everything on your plate before you are done eating. It does not matter if they are carrots and you know that you don’t like them, taste buds change, so maybe you will like them today. Deserts are rare in my house, but when they are offered you are not eligible for dessert unless you finish your dinner, including the vegetables. For exercise we do not have a formal routine, but we encourage outdoor activities as much and as often as possible. Television and game time is limited to one hour per day in our home and the time must be earned. The children receive a ten minute token for each chore that they complete and they can cash their tokens in after there home work has been completed. From whom does your family seek health care? When? My family seeks health care from our family doctor’s office. We receive our well care physicals each year and any immunization due at that time. We will also seek Health care if we have an illness that does not clear up with in a week. We have very few visits to the doctor’s office each year because most illnesses can be treated at home with rest and fluids. How to cite A Healthy Family: Questionnaire, Papers

The Emotion of Sports Performance and Motivation free essay sample

The field of psychology is increasingly expanding and becoming incorporated into other fields of study. From the study of behavioral economics to the burgeoning field of media psychology (with its emphasis on the effects of advertising, especially on children), literally anything that can be thought of is a possible venue for the probing, empirical analysis of various strains of psychological theory. And why not? There are currently 54 different divisions of the American Psychological Association. Not all are actual theoretical perspectives posited by psychology—such as behaviorism or social psychology—some are merely fields of interest within which a psychological focus has been found to be academically useful, or clinically rewarding, or medically necessary. Such is the case with sports and exercise psychology (division 47). For a variety of reasons—the economic impact of the billions of dollars a year professional sports industry, the growth of empirical evidence suggesting exercise is good for us (both physically and psychologically), as well as the influence of sports on childhood development and academic achievement and socialization (as a negative correlation to school violence)—sports and psychology are increasingly mixing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Emotion of Sports Performance and Motivation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper will take a look at the theoretical and scientific ways psychology is being used to explain and enhance sports performance from the parallel points of view of personality, motivational theory, emotion, and social cognition; all under the watchful eye of Freudian psychoanalysis. There is, of course, a reciprocal relationship between the reasons for, or why we need sports activity, and the motivation towards a qualitatively enhanced sports performance. The initial impetus for man to engage in sports may have been be to simply play at sports for leisure or diversion, but upon closer examination its clear there’s something more which drives our seeming obsession for sports (and this includes the growing fanaticism of spectating, as well). Freud looked at sports during his time from his by then typical psychoanalytical point of view and found, what else (? ), sex†¦; or at least what he felt were the attempts by education institutions to curb the urge in children by substituting repetitive play (Holowchak, p. 697). This repetitive play serves as the foundation for the more formal adult world of competitive sports which then becomes standardized (though at lesser levels of difficulty) for children in a full circle process that, curiously, blurs the line between origins and necessity. Nonetheless, Freud believes this sort of adult play (sport) is at once an attempt to relive the unfettered, carefree days of childhood, while simultaneously using them (games) as a way of releasing pent up tensions and anxieties—both from sexual repression and the conscious seeking out of the pleasure principle. Play is pleasurable because it essentially mimics sexual movement while substituting for it in a socially acceptable way. Play becomes sport when the obstacles introduced by the participants are re-imposed repeatedly in order to allow for their usurpation in order to increase the psychic energy being built up solely for its ultimate—and very pleasurable—release (Holowchak, p. 698-99). Regarding the motivational forces that compel us to turn play into competition and equally—and instinctively—strive for greater and greater rewards (measurable goals and feelings related to victory and status), Freud believed in certain â€Å"drives† (Holowchak, p. 701) that serve as a spark and a conduit for, ultimately, all human behavior—including the play/sport dialectic. As with all psychoanalytic theory, the basis of drives is compelling (fascinating), but nebulous, to say the least. Unless, of course, one views those drives through an evolutionary prism. I’ve always had the gut feeling that many of Freud’s ideas piggybacked—to one extent or another—on the backs of Darwinian evolutionary theory and biology. In this case, the drives Freud speaks of are what Darwin would more simply refer to as survival mechanisms. Those mechanisms run the gamut from reproductive instincts to psychic survival processes which, in the latter, take the form of play, games, and ultimately, sport. I recently watched an episode of a program on Animal Planet detailing the attempts of an animal biologist to get two orphaned lion cubs to hunt by using a rag doll version of a mammal of some kind as substitute prey. He would drag the doll around the yard and the cubs would chase after it and pounce in playful abandon. He then took a piece of meat and dragged it around the yard—when the cubs were good and hungry—in the same fashion in an attempt at operant conditioning that, hopefully, would transfer to the wild (the goal was to eventually release the cubs). Similarly, human beings play games that serve multiple functions which are equally necessitated by basic needs (in the case of the cubs, hunger and survival). For human beings those needs are as complex as the human mind itself and every bit as deserving of study—even if it is just a game. Martin Luther said, â€Å"Feelings come and feelings go, and feelings are deceiving†¦;† and feelings—emotions—are also supremely multifaceted, slippery, transient, and as predictable as they are unpredictable. Feelings register virtually instantly through our autonomic nervous system which includes virtually every major organ in the body and leads to everything from clenched jaws to hairs standing up on the back of your neck. In any sort of performance—specifically sports—these physiological markers are many times kicked into high gear and being able to control and funnel them into an appropriate response that maximizes that performance takes skill learned through practice. But not all negative emotions hinder performance, just as not all positive emotions enhance it (Kouli, Bebestos, Kamperis Papaioannou, p. 108). Similarly, studies have shown that despite repetition of a particular task in a sports setting, being able to demonstrate fluency—even supremacy—of that task in a non-competitive situation (i. e. , practice) is no predictor of the athlete’s triumphalism in a real game situation. As Philadelphia 76er guard Allen Iverson once said emphatically, sarcastically, and repeatedly (ad nausea), â€Å"I’m supposed to be the franchise player, and yet we’re in here talking about practice. Not the game, but practice. Not the actual game that I go out and die for†¦and play every game like it’s my last, but practice. Practice. We’re talking about practice. Not a game, but practice†¦. † When dealing with the emotions evoked by the sometimes high drama of athletic competition, another factor must also be kept in mind: the context of an actual game and its attendant emotions are a two-way street. Emotions are a factor both before and during a game, and during a game the roller coaster of emotions can mediate and facilitate either failure or success because your emotions are not only having an internal biological effect on you, they are having a reciprocal social effect on your teammates, the other team, and the crowd (which is either magnified or diluted depending on whether you’re playing a home or away game—the infamous â€Å"12th man† at Qwest Field in Seattle, WA is a case in point). The key emotion that comes into play in most studies of athletic competition—be they individual sports like tennis, or a team sport like soccer—is confidence. But even confidence has subjective determinants and modifiers that ultimately show it has only a moderate, though positive, relationship to winning (Kouli, Bebestos, Kamperis Papaioannou, p. 108). When measured after a game, barometers for confidence are typically higher than when measured before a game. This brings up the two-way street concept again; it seems as though, when it comes to confidence, success on the pitch influences state of mind much more than that same state of mind acts as a predictor of the aforementioned success (Kouli, Bebestos, Kamperis Papaioannou, p. 108). Also, as the KBK P study points out, again, on p. 108, the specific kind of emotions, such as optimal-pleasant, optimal-unpleasant, and dysfunctional-pleasant, actually have a positive correlation on confidence, and only dysfunctional-unpleasant have a negative effect. Moreover, confidence can lead to cockiness, which can also lead to a state of mind whereby the athlete doesn’t take his or her opponent seriously. This can result in â€Å"lack of alertness, focus, and/or carelessness. † The trick then, is to harness the optimum performance enhancing states of mind (while avoiding physical injury, of course) on your own so as to block out other negative performance modifiers; to get in the zone, so to speak (Harmison, p. 5). The cognitive and behavioral skills needed to accomplish this task can be learned (also according to Harmison). The type of sport being engaged in also has a mediating impact. Individual sports, like extreme sports, for example, typically appeal to performers that are extroverts who have a high degree of openness to experience (Tok, p. 1106). So here we see that personality plays a key role in both the absorption and application of the specific emotions needed to maintain optimal performance standards. As Harmison points out, p. 8, â€Å"†¦emotion serves two primary functions: mobilizing and organizing energy. † Again, this is a dual process. Emotions can help or hinder in the mobilizing/organizing process. Players who already have a leg up on mastering that skill—by virtue of their personalities—will be better able to focus on this learned task; as well, they will be able to better gage and apply the required amount of intensity needed to complete the assignment. Baltimore Ravens middle linebacker Ray Lewis is another elite athlete who comes to mind when thinking about this phenomenon. If you’ve ever seen Lewis’s pregame ritual, you know it hasn’t changed in close to 15 years of NFL competition. He literally works himself, and more importantly—for this ultimate team sport—his teammates into a quasi-religious/spiritual frenzy (indeed, Lewis is an ordained minister) that has made the Ravens pro football’s top defensive team (along with the equally mighty Pittsburgh Steelers) over the past decade—and got them a Lombardi Super Bowl trophy in 2001. The Tok study also verified that when it comes to personality, those who score higher on the neuroticism scale of the Big Five personality traits were less likely to participate in individual extreme sports. This suggests that people with a greater ability to stay calm, cool, and collected in the eye of the storm are also the people who can summon the needed winning states of mind and keep control over them in order to accomplish their goals. External factors (crowd, noise, internal mind frame, social connections to teammates—if applicable, among others) are all part and parcel of the endeavor of athletic competition. But one key motivating factor for performance hasn’t yet been mentioned. Simply put, coaching has been found to be a correlational factor in the success and continuation of performers in athletics—especially team sports. And the younger the athlete, the more, it would seem, because of developmental issues as well, a coach would have an impact on his/her players. As David McClelland has pointed out, â€Å"The need for achievement is the spark that ignites economic growth, scientific progress, inspirational leadership, and masterpieces in the creative arts (from Weiten, p. 315). † McClelland could also easily have included elite sports in that pantheon of human creation. Sports are above all, a metaphor for the human struggle in all of those other areas. And nowhere does that metaphor hit closer to home than in the hierarchical, yet symbiotic relationship between a player and his/her coach. The perceptions an athlete has of the job being done by their coach in creating the optimal practice and game environment is a key—but certainly not the only—component of victory in athletic competition (Ntoumanis, Taylor Thorgersen-Ntoumani, p. 213). The reason coaches get fired many times has more to do with these perceptions than with actually winning. The level of talent on the team, and the coach’s perceived ability to harness that talent as well as bring out the latent talent in a team and fuse it into a cohesive unit that functions as one is constantly being evaluated—by peer coaches, management, and, most importantly, the team itself. One component of that constant evaluative process is measurement of players’ â€Å"behavioral investment† in the game, practice, and the team. This is the social-cognitive view of motivation used by Ntoumanis, Taylor Thorgersen-Ntoumani in their study.

Animal Testing is wrong and cruel essays

Animal Testing is wrong and cruel essays Animal testing is wrong and it is cruelty to animals. Each year about five million dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, monkeys, and other animals die in lethal dose tests performed in many states around the United States. During a lethal dose test, the experimental substance is forced into the animals throats, or is pumped into their stomaches by a tube sometimes causing death by stomach rupture or from the sheer bulk of a chemical dosage. Substances are mixed in lab chows, injected under the skin, into a vein, or into the lining of the abdomen, they are often applied to the eyes, rectum, and vagina or forcebilly inhaled through a gas mask. It can be sometimes a force-fed chemical , that has chemicals applied to bare skin that has had the fur removed painfully and inhale fumes. Experimenters observe the animals reaction which include convulsions, labored breathing, diarrhea, constipation, skin eruptions, abnormal animals will die from this experiment 2 to 3 weeks later. The experiments a re performed in a lab where all the proper chemicals are set up to test the products and make sure they are safe for consumers. All this is done just so people can wear that fur coat or makeup. Does the consumers think about the poor animals who died just so they can wear them items. This issue is created when companies test their products on innocent animals. The company tests on animals making sure the chemicals in products are safe for consumers, but do they think about the sake of animals? What makes this issue worse is the companies want to make their products perfect, and people who care about animals want it to be banned. Animal testing is wrong and takes away the lives of animals just so someone can wear makeup of perfume. There is nothing positive about animal testing. The only thing is that you know when you buy the product that the product is safe for you since it was tested on a animal, but do ...

Animal Testing is wrong and cruel essays

Animal Testing is wrong and cruel essays Animal testing is wrong and it is cruelty to animals. Each year about five million dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, monkeys, and other animals die in lethal dose tests performed in many states around the United States. During a lethal dose test, the experimental substance is forced into the animals throats, or is pumped into their stomaches by a tube sometimes causing death by stomach rupture or from the sheer bulk of a chemical dosage. Substances are mixed in lab chows, injected under the skin, into a vein, or into the lining of the abdomen, they are often applied to the eyes, rectum, and vagina or forcebilly inhaled through a gas mask. It can be sometimes a force-fed chemical , that has chemicals applied to bare skin that has had the fur removed painfully and inhale fumes. Experimenters observe the animals reaction which include convulsions, labored breathing, diarrhea, constipation, skin eruptions, abnormal animals will die from this experiment 2 to 3 weeks later. The experiments a re performed in a lab where all the proper chemicals are set up to test the products and make sure they are safe for consumers. All this is done just so people can wear that fur coat or makeup. Does the consumers think about the poor animals who died just so they can wear them items. This issue is created when companies test their products on innocent animals. The company tests on animals making sure the chemicals in products are safe for consumers, but do they think about the sake of animals? What makes this issue worse is the companies want to make their products perfect, and people who care about animals want it to be banned. Animal testing is wrong and takes away the lives of animals just so someone can wear makeup of perfume. There is nothing positive about animal testing. The only thing is that you know when you buy the product that the product is safe for you since it was tested on a animal, but do ...

Animal Testing is wrong and cruel essays

Animal Testing is wrong and cruel essays Animal testing is wrong and it is cruelty to animals. Each year about five million dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, monkeys, and other animals die in lethal dose tests performed in many states around the United States. During a lethal dose test, the experimental substance is forced into the animals throats, or is pumped into their stomaches by a tube sometimes causing death by stomach rupture or from the sheer bulk of a chemical dosage. Substances are mixed in lab chows, injected under the skin, into a vein, or into the lining of the abdomen, they are often applied to the eyes, rectum, and vagina or forcebilly inhaled through a gas mask. It can be sometimes a force-fed chemical , that has chemicals applied to bare skin that has had the fur removed painfully and inhale fumes. Experimenters observe the animals reaction which include convulsions, labored breathing, diarrhea, constipation, skin eruptions, abnormal animals will die from this experiment 2 to 3 weeks later. The experiments a re performed in a lab where all the proper chemicals are set up to test the products and make sure they are safe for consumers. All this is done just so people can wear that fur coat or makeup. Does the consumers think about the poor animals who died just so they can wear them items. This issue is created when companies test their products on innocent animals. The company tests on animals making sure the chemicals in products are safe for consumers, but do they think about the sake of animals? What makes this issue worse is the companies want to make their products perfect, and people who care about animals want it to be banned. Animal testing is wrong and takes away the lives of animals just so someone can wear makeup of perfume. There is nothing positive about animal testing. The only thing is that you know when you buy the product that the product is safe for you since it was tested on a animal, but do ...

STARTING OFF . . . AS A FICTION WRITER

STARTING OFF . . . AS A FICTION WRITER After last weeks editorial about becoming known as a writer first Interesting article, but with so few magazines publishing fiction, what are we to do, write for the â€Å"little magazines† for no pay? My bad. I was not clear. What I meant to say is that you need to become known as a writer first . . . in any way possible. . . even in magazines. Even if you write fiction, you can write nonfiction for magazines, which gets you used to deadlines, writing tight, and adhering to editorial guidelines. Once people realize you write, they follow you to your fiction. The average person doesnt recognize that you are a fiction writer or nonfiction writer. They just know you write. Call me a blasphemer for making you write outside your genre. Im being practical, pragmatic, and common sensical. Im a left brain person. Nonfiction pays. Fiction doesnt until you bust all the odds over a long period of time. So . . . if you want to write FOR A LIVING . . . you write nonfiction for a while to become established. Also, fiction has an advantage that nonfiction doesnt have. Contests. There are ten or twenty times the number of contests for fiction than nonfiction. Especially if you write short stories, from flash to 15,000 words. So, while youre writing all that nonfiction that might go against the grain, you can keep preening and honing your fiction for contests. Win one or two contests, and opportunities open up more. What other options do you have as a fiction writer? Write for literary magazines, for little to nothing. Write for genre magazines, for little to nothing. Yes, the clips count. Yes, agents and publishers will admire you for getting published. Just be realistic and accept the fact it is hard to earn a living writing short fiction for magazines and lit journals. But seriously, what nonfiction can you write about as a fiction author? Ideas you can use -how to write or be a writer pieces (The Writer, Writers Digest) -become a specialist about your genre (Amanda Hocking blogged about fantasy) -become a specialist about your setting (rural, inner city, beach, government, a state, a country) -become a specialist about your time period -write for trades in your profession represented in your stories(cake decorator, doctor, police, computer techie, dog trainer) -write for mags that use your voice(humor, noir, cozy, sexy) -beliefs or causes (Mary Alice Monroe and environmental conservation) -subject matter research or methods(PI Magazine on forensics or police procedure if youre a mystery author) -geography(Pat Conroy and Dorothea Benton Frank on South Carolina) Hopefully your mind is spinning with ideas now!

What caused the deterioration of the Egyptian Economy from the view of Research Paper

What caused the deterioration of the Egyptian Economy from the view of Egyptians over 40 - Research Paper Example Furthermore, the absence of investment and poor economic system led to currency devaluation and hence increased cost of living. This paper is a discussion to establish what caused the deterioration of the Egyptian Economy. A Congressional Research Service entitled â€Å"Egypt and the IMF† conducted by Nelson and Sharp found out that the Egyptian economy has swiftly deteriorated since the 2011 revolution (Nelson & Sharp 2013). The revolution put the Egyptian political system into a state of anarchy. They elucidate that the anarchic political nature led to sudden drop in the flow of foreign capital into Egypt. As a result, policy makers and economic analysts observed that even though the economic growth may be positive, the Egyptian Central Bank faced the risk of being depleted of foreign exchange reserves. This crumbly economic situation further put Egypt and the entire bordering region in jeopardy and instability. Moreover, the Egyptian economic history reveals that the rate of unemployment was at 9.2 % before the revolution took place, but this shot up to 12.3 % in the year 2012. This prompted the Egyptian authorities and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to engage in negotiations in order to forge ways and reforms of salvaging the collapsing Egyptian Economy. Shockingly, reports emerged that Egyptian authorities were hesitant to commit to such an agreement citing that it might drastically increase the country’s debt. This research is aimed at establishing the cause behind the deteriorating Egyptian Economy. The rationale of this paper lies on the fact that countries, both developed and developing, thrive on stable economic grounds. This is because nations derive their strengths from stable economies which define their growth and development. The evidence of this is likened to dwindling economies reported from countries like Zimbabwe whose economy has

M3A1 PART B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

M3A1 PART B - Essay Example Improve the communication patterns of the company: Communication is one of the fundamental requirements for any company to succeed. Unlike in GM, where the communication channels involved long rigorous procedures that discouraged the employees (Kurtz & Boone, 2011). The communication channels between the employees and the senior management should be open and reliable to enable the employees have a feel that the company acknowledges their views and ideas. Therefore, their productivity would improve as they forward their challenges to the management (Huq, 2010). Enhance teamwork within the company: Teamwork enables the employees have a better understanding of each other and promotes cordial relations within the working environment (Kurtz & Boone, 2011). By so doing, the workers feel comfortable while at work and this enhances their overall productivity due to the existence of good understanding and sharing of ideas. Sharing ideas is important since the workers can come up with an idea that could prove to be the turn-around moment for the company like a new invention (Moorhead & Griffin, 2011). Creating a sense of responsibility among the employees: The management ought to let the employee’s opportunities to demonstrate their levels of responsibility by making them in charge. This may involve letting them have total control over an asset and monitoring its usage from a vantage point (Lashley, 2012). This makes them have the idea that they are trusted in the company hence they form a sense of responsibility and consequently carry out their works diligently. Moreover, they can sum up courage and make viable decisions in the absence of the company managers (Huq, 2010). Involving the employees in the decision making process of the company: When employees get involved in the decision making processes of a company, they are instilled with a sense of belonging and they get a mental set of associating

Triple Vessel Ischemic Heart Disease Treatment Case Nursing Essay

Triple Vessel Ischemic Heart Disease Treatment Case Nursing Essay Mr. MS is a 58-year-old Malay male who was previously diagnosed with hypertension, gout and triple vessel ischemic heart disease. He first presented with chest pain in March 2010 where he was diagnosed with ischemic heart disease. He was unable to complete an exercise stress test and an angiogram done in Hospital Sultanah Aminah found him to have triple vessel disease. He was told angioplasty was not possible due to the severity of the blocks and was counseled for CABG but he was not keen. Meanwhile, he has had angina attacks 2 to 3 times per week every week since his initial diagnosis for the last 3 months, usually relieved by sublingual GTN and was currently admitted for the 4th time for chest pain not relieved by GTN. ECG done 2 hours after onset of chest pain showed ST depression of 2mm at leads I, aVL, V3 V6 and left axis deviation with no Q waves. Trop T was positive (2.75 ng/ml) at 4 hours after onset and other cardiac enzymes were also raised significantly. He was diagnosed with NSTEMI and treated with aspirin 300mg, IV morphine 2.5 mg, sublingual GTN 3 tablets and subcutaneous clexane 60mg BD for 3 days as well as continuing his current medication regime of simvastatin, metoprolol, cardiprin, ISDN, amlodipine and GTN. Following admission, he was well in the ward with no recurrence of chest pain and did not develop any new complaints. He was discharged after 3 days of inpatient treatment with instructions to attend his follow-up appointment at the cardio clinic in HSAJB on the 16th of June 2010 to make an appointment for surgery. Following this episode of chest pain, which he says is the worst so far, he is now quite keen for CABG. 2) CLINICAL HISTORY Chief Complaint Chest pain for 1 day. History of Present Illness Mr. MS is a 58-year-old Malay male who was previously diagnosed with gout, hypertension and ischemic heart disease with triple vessel disease. He was awoken from sleep at about 10pm due to a central chest pain of sudden onset. He described the character of the pain as crushing in nature and radiated to his neck. This episode of chest pain was the most severe since he was first diagnosed with ischemic heart disease. The pain was associated with profuse sweating, body weakness and was not relieved by rest. However, it was relieved by sublingual GTN, of which he has a supply of. His discomfort was made worst by exertion so he lay in bed to recover. Despite this, he had another episode of chest pain 30 minutes later. He took the sublingual GTN again but this time, the pain did not resolve. He was then brought to the emergency department of Hospital Batu Pahat by his son. This is Mr. MSs fourth admission for chest pain since March 2010. Since his diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in March, he has experience angina attacks two to three times per week, especially on exertion such as when straining while passing motion. During these attacks, he uses sublingual GTN to relieve his symptoms and normally feels much better after that. He only comes to the hospital when GTN does not work to relieve his symptoms. Systemic Review Mr. MS does not experience symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, epigastric pain, shortness of breath, fever, and had no syncopal episodes. He also does not have loss of appetite or loss of weight. Bowel and urinary habits are normal. His sleep has not been affected until this current episode whereby he was awoken by the chest pain. Past Medical History Mr. MS was diagnosed with hypertension 6 years ago when he had an episode of headache. He has been on medication since and was on regular follow-up with KK Rengit. He was diagnosed with gout 5 years ago when he had a left big toe swelling which resolved after some medication. He is not on long term medication for gout. Mr. MS was admitted for the first time 5 years ago in 2005 when he had bilateral renal calculi. He was subsequently referred to Hospital Sultanah Aminah for further management of this problem and it has since resolved and does not have follow-up anymore. Mr. MS was diagnosed with ischemic heart disease in March 2010 when he presented with chest pain for the first time. Following his recovery, he underwent a stress test in Hospital Batu Pahat but according to him, was unable to complete the procedure due to chest discomfort. He was referred to the cardiology unit in Hospital Sultanah Aminah for further management where an angiogram was performed and he was told to have triple vessel disease. He was also told that angioplasty was not possible due to the severity of the blocks. He was recommended to have Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) but as of yet, no appointment has been made as he was still unsure of going through with the procedure. Following this episode of chest pain, Mr. MS has decided that going for the CABG is the only thing that will keep him alive. His current medications include: Tab Simvastatin 20mg OD Tab Metoprolol 75mg BD Tab Cardiprin 100mg OD Tab Isosorbide Dinitrate (ISDN) 5mg TDS Tab Amlodipine 10mg OD Sublingual Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) PRN He is compliant to his medication regime. Mr. MS is not known to have diabetes or hyperlipidemia. He also does not have any known food or drug allergies. Family History Mr. MS is the 3rd of 9 siblings. His father had hypertension and passed away a long time ago due to unknown causes. His mother and other siblings are healthy. None of them have hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease or malignancy. Social History He lives in a kampung in Rengit with his wife and 5 children. Mr. MS does not smoke nor consume alcohol. He works in a palm oil plantation. The distance from his house to Hospital Batu Pahat is about half an hour. On further enquiry, Mr. MS says that the cost of the CABG is about RM1000, which he can afford. 3) FINDINGS ON CLINICAL EXAMINATION (Mr. MS was examined by me 9 hours after onset of chest pain) Mr. MS was alert, conscious, and communicative. He was not in obvious pain or respiratory distress. He was lying down comfortably on his bed. There were no tendon xanthomata, xanthelasma, pallor, corneal arcus or pedal edema. His JVP was not raised. His clinical parameters are: Blood Pressure : 158/94 mmHg Heart Rate : 94 beats per minute. Regular rhythm Respiratory Rate : 20 breaths per minute Temperature : 37Â °C SpO2 : 97% under room air On examination of the precordium, the apex beat was located at the 5th intercostal space on the midclavicular line and was normal in character. Parasternal heave was not felt and there were no thrills. First and second heart sounds were heard. There were no murmurs or added heart sounds. On examination of the chest, there was no deformity and chest expansion was equal on both sides. Percussion and tactile vocal fremitus was normal and equal on both sides. On auscultation, vesicular breath sounds were heard throughout all lung fields with good air entry. There was no wheezing or crepitations heard. On examination of the abdomen, it was soft and non-tender. There were no masses felt. Bowel sounds were heard and normal. 4) PROVISIONAL AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES WITH REASONING Provisional Diagnosis Acute myocardial infarction with underlying triple vessel ischemic heart disease and hypertension With a history of diagnosed triple vessel ischemic heart disease with multiple episodes of angina attacks since the initial diagnosis, it is highly likely that Mr. MS is presenting with an acute coronary event and this should be a priority until proven otherwise. This is evidenced by the presentation of central, crushing chest pain of sudden onset that radiated to the neck and associated with profuse sweating and body weakness which is classical of a myocardial infarction. Mr. MS will require immediate investigations such as an electrocardiogram and cardiac enzymes to differentiate the acute coronary syndromes so that the appropriate management may be instituted for him e.g. if he has an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), he will require myocardium-saving thrombolytic therapy to disrupt the ischemic event. As Mr. MS did not present with features such as acute shortness of breath, loss of consciousness and severe palpitations, it seems that he does not have complicati ons of acute myocardial infarction but these developments should be watched out for throughout his admission as complications may arise later. Differential Diagnosis Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary embolism is a possibility that can be considered when a patient presents with an acute chest pain that is accompanied by shortness of breath, hemoptysis, tachypnea, fever and even cyanosis and collapse in severe cases. Furthermore, the chest pain is of a pleuritic nature, of which it is worsened on breathing, and a pleural rub can be heard on auscultation of the chest. However, Mr. MS did not present in such a way. At the same time, Mr. MS did not have risk factors such as a deep vein thrombosis, prolonged immobilization or recent surgery. It is still highly likely that Mr. MS has suffered an acute myocardial infarction, and an ECG would help to differentiate between the two as pulmonary embolism might show the classic S1Q3T3 pattern of right axis deviation or right bundle branch block. Either way, the diagnosis should be made quickly so treatment may be instituted before his condition becomes worse or complications develop. Aortic dissection Aortic dissection presents as an acute onset chest pain that is tearing in nature, and often radiates to the back. It is often confused with myocardial infarction due to its presentation but differences include the lack of profuse sweating, signs of heart pump dysfunction and a normal ECG. Risk factors are usually uncontrolled hypertension, connective tissue disorders or chest trauma. Mr. MS has hypertension, but is under control, and does not have the other risk factors. A diagnosis of myocardial infarction should be the priority as thrombolytic therapy is vital, but if there is any reason to doubt that diagnosis, then further investigations should be performed. 5) IDENTIFY AND PRIORITISE THE PROBLEMS 1. Acute chest pain Mr. MS has acute chest pain with features very suggestive of a classical picture of myocardial infarction as he presents with crushing central chest pain that radiates to the neck and associated with profuse sweating and weakness. Given that he is known to have triple vessel ischemic heart disease and that he has suffered many angina attacks since his initial diagnosis, it is highly likely that he is having an acute myocardial infarction. Without further a due, he needs an electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac enzymes tested to distinguish between the different acute coronary syndromes so that the appropriate treatment protocols may be initiated for him as soon as possible to disrupt the ongoing ischemia. As Mr. MS is having severe chest pain that may overstimulate his sympathetic system and cause further ischemia, he will require immediate supportive therapy such as effective pain medication and oxygen therapy. 2. Triple vessel ischemic heart disease awaiting CABG Mr. MS was diagnosed with triple vessel ischemic heart disease when he first presented with chest pain in March 2010 and has since experienced many episodes of angina. Given his diagnosis and disease pattern, he is at a very high risk of developing a severe acute coronary event that may prove fatal if the infarction is too extensive or if complications develop. As percutaneous revascularization with a stent or balloon was not possible for him, he will require a CABG to both relieve his symptoms and reduce his mortality risks in the long term. He was unsure of going ahead with the operation previously, therefore no appointment date was given for surgery. However, now that he has changed his mind, every effort should be made by both the doctors in charge of him here in Hospital Batu Pahat and in the cardiology unit of Hospital Sultanah Aminah to arrange for his surgery as soon as possible, given the circumstances of his condition. 3. Compliance to medication Mr. MS is on several medications for his triple vessel ischemic heart disease and will require revascularization surgery soon in order to decrease his mortality risks. However, waiting for a CABG in the government setting may take some time, even under dire circumstances due to the nature of the system. Therefore, it is extremely crucial that Mr. MS is compliant to his medication regime while awaiting a CABG to prevent another episode of infarction. He should be counseled to fully understand this and the situation of his ischemic heart disease. It is also the responsibility of his doctors to ensure that he is taking the right combination of medications with the aim to prevent another acute cardiac event. Meanwhile, a sufficient supply of sublingual GTN should be provided for Mr. MS in cases of angina attacks at home. He should come to the hospital immediately if GTN fails to relieve his symptoms. 4. Regular screening for comorbid diseases Mr. MS has not been diagnosed with diabetes or hyperlipidemia previously but these diseases are strong risk factors for the long term implications of his ischemic heart disease. Therefore, Mr. MS should be screened regularly e.g. twice yearly during his follow-up appointments. Early detection of diabetes is necessary so that treatment can start as soon as detected in order to prevent his ischemic heart disease from becoming worst than it already is. As for his lipid control, if his lipid profile is found to be outside the normal limits, the dosage of his medication can be increased as necessary. Following his CABG, he will need to maintain a healthy lifestyle of a good, well-balanced, low-salt and low-fat diet and regular exercise within his limits. 6) PLAN OF INVESTIGATION, JUSTIFICATIONS FOR THE SELECTION OF TESTS OR PROCEDURES, AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 1. Electrocardiogram (ECG) To look for any changes that may indicate an ongoing ischemic event, such as ST elevation or depression and T wave inversion in order to support the diagnosis of an acute myocardial infarction so appropriate treatment can be started. Differentiation of ST segment elevation or depression is also crucial in initiating treatment as thrombolytic therapy is only indicated for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Results: ECG on admission (2 hours after onset) shows sinus rhythm with ST depression at leads I, aVL, V3 V6 with left axis deviation. T wave was present and normal. Interpretation: The ST depression in the leads above indicate an ischemic event at the anterolateral sections of the heart. The lack of ST elevation concludes a diagnosis of either unstable angina or NSTEMI, depending on the levels of cardiac enzymes. There is no sign of old infarction. 2. Cardiac Enzymes To look for elevated levels of cardiac enzymes such as troponin T, creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate transaminase (AST) that will indicate myocardium ischemia and necrosis. If elevated, a diagnosis of NSTEMI can be made in accordance with the ECG changes. However, cardiac enzymes when done too early after onset may not show any rise in levels 1. This does not mean that necrosis has not taken place and the test should be repeated once more at 6 hours after onset 1. Results: Troponin T (4 hours after onset) 2.75ng/ml ↑ (12 hours after onset) (60 hours after onset) Normal Range (U/L) CK 997 ↑ 263 ↑

Nonverbal Communication: Emotions

Nonverbal communication is playing nowadays one of the most important roles in organizations and companies, because it is the only source of mutual understanding among employees and customers, directors and suppliers, etc. Apparently, one of the wide-spread barriers to communicate emotions is hierarchy or status. Hierarchy affects communication of emotions, because the fact that a person is a boss certainly creates barrier to open and sincere communication. Boss is responsible for determining rewards and penalties and thus he is often treated negatively. Therefore, the only way to improve the situation is collaboration approach meaning that boss has to motivate employees to share information and, furthermore, he has to introduce rewarding systems for skillful employees to show that he really respects their work. Other obstacles involve cultural differences, dreaming, flittering, judging, analyzing and many others. Understanding how to communicate emotions effectively will help to promote creating smoothly working project teams; responding to customers, clients, and markets; living and working in a culturally diverse world. Effective nonverbal communication skills are really important, because they will assist in better company’s performance either in domestic or international market. In a modern swiftly changing world people and cultures are circulating and interacting as at a really dizzying speed. Those people who know how to use emotions and how to communicate them effectively have a crucial advantage over others. Emotions are very important in group communications. The main benefits of communication emotions are that they replace verbal communications, complement verbal communication enhancing the message sent and express interpersonal attitudes, thoughts and feelings. The possible ways to improve communication of emotions are smile making the communication more pleasant, friendly and warm; trust and honesty in business relations; ability to help and assist others in resolving internal conflicts. References Collins, Susie. (2005). How To Dramatically Improve Communication in Your Relationship and Start Getting More of The Love You Really Want In Just One Evening. Retrieved January 8, 2007, from http://www.communication-magic.com/ Â   Â   Â   Â  

Environmental Risks From Mine Tailings

Tailings are a type of rock waste from the mining industry. When a mineral product is mined, the valuable portion is usually embedded in a rock matrix called ore. Once the ore has been stripped of its valuable minerals, sometimes through the addition of chemicals, it is piled up into tailings. Tailings can reach immense proportions, appearing in the form of large hills (or sometimes ponds) on the landscape. Tailings deposited as large piles can cause a variety of environmental problems: Slumps, landslides. Tailing piles can be unstable, and experience landslides. In 1966, in Aberfan, Wales, a hill of mining debris famously collapsed onto buildings, resulting in 144 deaths. There are also cases where wintertime avalanches occurred on tailings, with loss of life for residents below.Dust. Dry tailing deposits contain small particles that are picked up by the wind, transported, and deposited on communities nearby. In the tailings of some silver mines, arsenic and lead is present in the dust in high enough concentrations to cause serious health problems.Leaching. When rain falls on tailings, it leaches away materials that can create water pollution, for example, lead, arsenic, and mercury. Sulfuric acid is sometimes produced when water interacts with tailings, or it can be a by-product of ore processing. As a result, highly acidic water leaks from the tailings and disrupts aquatic life downstream. Tailings from copper and uranium mining often produce measurable levels of radioactivity. Tailing Ponds Some mining wastes become very fine after they have been ground up during processing. The fine particles are then generally mixed with water and piped into impoundments as a slurry or sludge. This method cuts down on dust problems, and at least in theory, the impoundments are engineered to let excess water flow out without leaking tailings. Coal ash, while not a type of tailing, is a coal burning by-product stored the same way, and carrying similar environmental risks. In reality, tailing ponds also carry several environmental risks: Dam failure. There have been numerous instances where the dam holding back the impoundment collapsed. The consequences to the aquatic communities below can be serious, for example in the case of the Mount Polly Mine Disaster.  Leaks. Tailing ponds can be hundreds of acres in size, and in those cases, leaks into surface and ground waters are probably inevitable. The heavy metals, acids, and other contaminants end up polluting groundwater, lakes, streams, and rivers. Some very large ponds in Canada’s tar sands operations leak large amounts of tailings in the underlying soil, in the aquifer, and ultimately into the nearby Athabasca River.Wildlife exposure. Migrating waterfowl has been known to land on tailing ponds, and in some cases with dramatic consequences. In 2008, about 1,600 ducks died after landing on a tar sands tailing pond in Alberta, contaminated by floating bitumen, a tar-like substance. However, simple deterrent measures can reduce that risk significantly.

School Violence Speech Essay - 766 Words

Topic: School Violence General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform what needs to be done to stop school violence. Central Idea: To inform the effects, causes, and solutions of school violence. INTRODUCTION: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since the April 20, 1999 shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado I have been looking deeper into the issue of school violence. The number of extremely violent crimes committed by students has been increasing in the last few years. These incidents are not only increasing in number, but in the amount of bloodshed in each occurrence. Some experts seek to analyze the effects this violence has. Others figure the causes to be everything from movies to video games. In†¦show more content†¦3. If a parent chooses to inflict pain on their child for a behavior they see unacceptable, this teaches the child that using force to get your way is okay (Peterson). B. Video Games 1. There is no doubt video games are a cause of school violence, especially with scientific proof supporting it. 2. A study conducted by Buchanan and Funk in 1996 showed that 50% of boys listed action video games as their favorites. These games include quot;first person shooterquot; games such as Doom and Quake. It turns out that one of the gunmen in the Columbine shooting played Doom quite often (Walsh 2). 3. Craig Anderson and Karen Dill of Iowa State and Lenoir-Rhyne Colleges conducted a study in which they gave video games to students who were not predisposed towards aggressive behavior. Some students were given violent games, and others non-violent games to play. Those given violent games showed an increase in violent thoughts and behaviors, whereas those given non-violent games did not show a change (Walsh 3) C. Movies/Television 1. 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