Practical Reason free essay sample

Compares authors views on practical reason, ethical action, categorical imperative, subjective vs. objective perceptions, the good life. TheView from Nowhere, ( Thomas Nagel ) Ethics the Limits of Philosophy (Bernard Williams ) The purpose of this research is to examine the notion of practical reason as treated by Thomas Nagel in The View from Nowhere and by Bernard Williams in Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy. The plan of the research will be to set forth the assumptions and evidence informing Williamss assertion that practical thought (reason) is radically first-personal, as against Nagels belief that practical reason can be understood and even engaged in by the objective self, and then to discuss the extent of meaning and significance of each position from the standpoint of critical inquiry. The meaning of Williamss assertion needs to be examined with reference to a working definition of practical thought. That term can be compared with the term practical reason, which is associated with the commentaries of Kant. We will write a custom essay sample on Practical Reason or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Indeed, Williams

Free Essays on When Feeling Bad Is Good

When Feeling Bad is Good by: Ellen McGrath, Ph. D. McGrath starts off by explaining some of the depression she went through in her life. She goes over how she would gorge on sweets and sugar and how she felt lonely because she let her negative aspects control the best of her. She then starts to explain that certain types of depression are healthy because they are a part of life. She states that depression is just a state of being, and that any state of being can be changed. Another form of depression she goes over is inherited depression. This is a type of depression that people get when they receive negative aspects from other people in their immediate family. For example if someone’s parents are broke or sick to the point they can’t take care of themselves anymore, it will transfer to the child because they will become responsible for their well being and feel guilty if thy can not provide for their parents. She then turns her focus on certain types of depression that everyone feels. Victimization depression is when you feel like you are being taken advantage of and you need to stop it. Relationship depression when you think a bad relationship may be caused by you. Age rage depression is when you feel depressed because you are not old enough to be granted responsibilities or privileges. Depletion depression is when you feel drained to the point that you have nothing left to offer. Body image depression is simply not feeling good about your physical appearance. Finally mind-body depression is when you feel bad on the inside and out. She finishes by saying that depression isn’t just an illness, granted some cases truly are, but merely a part of life that needs to be dealt with. She says that not everyone understands how to deal with these types of feelings which is how some people just become more depressed rather than becoming better. Her book helps people become more aware of how to deal with these facts of life. Personal... Free Essays on When Feeling Bad Is Good Free Essays on When Feeling Bad Is Good When Feeling Bad is Good by: Ellen McGrath, Ph. D. McGrath starts off by explaining some of the depression she went through in her life. She goes over how she would gorge on sweets and sugar and how she felt lonely because she let her negative aspects control the best of her. She then starts to explain that certain types of depression are healthy because they are a part of life. She states that depression is just a state of being, and that any state of being can be changed. Another form of depression she goes over is inherited depression. This is a type of depression that people get when they receive negative aspects from other people in their immediate family. For example if someone’s parents are broke or sick to the point they can’t take care of themselves anymore, it will transfer to the child because they will become responsible for their well being and feel guilty if thy can not provide for their parents. She then turns her focus on certain types of depression that everyone feels. Victimization depression is when you feel like you are being taken advantage of and you need to stop it. Relationship depression when you think a bad relationship may be caused by you. Age rage depression is when you feel depressed because you are not old enough to be granted responsibilities or privileges. Depletion depression is when you feel drained to the point that you have nothing left to offer. Body image depression is simply not feeling good about your physical appearance. Finally mind-body depression is when you feel bad on the inside and out. She finishes by saying that depression isn’t just an illness, granted some cases truly are, but merely a part of life that needs to be dealt with. She says that not everyone understands how to deal with these types of feelings which is how some people just become more depressed rather than becoming better. Her book helps people become more aware of how to deal with these facts of life. Personal...

How the Goddess Athena Helped Hercules

How the Goddess Athena Helped Hercules Youve likely heard a number of references to the goddess Athena and her beauty, but her role as a protector of Hercules hasnt received as much attention. This Greek goddess of wisdom (born fully grown and armed, from the head of her father, Zeus) was also a warrior goddess. Strong and virginal, she repeatedly helped Hercules, the Greek mythological hero. The semi-divine  Hercules, the son of Zeus and a mortal woman, earned a name for himself by defeating fantastic beasts and making repeated trips to the Underworld. However, he also went mad, largely due to the wicked ways of his stepmother, Hera, whod tried to kill him since he  was a baby. Fearful that Hera would succeed at killing Hercules, Zeus sent Hercules to Earth and allowed a mortal family to raise him. Although his new family loved him, Hercules divine strength prevented him from fitting in with mortals, so Zeus eventually revealed his origins to him. To achieve immortality, like his father and other gods, Hercules performed the 12 labors for his cousin King Eurystheus, who, like Hera, hated Hercules. But Eurystheus and Hera hoped Hercules would die in the process. Fortunately, Athena, Hercules half-sister, came to his aid. The 12 Labors of Hercules Which Herculean tasks did Eurystheus and Hera want the demigod to complete? The entire list of 12 labors is below: The Nemean LionThe Lernaean HydraThe Wild Boar of ErymanthusThe Stag of ArtemisThe Augean StablesThe Stymphalian BirdsThe Cretan BullThe Girdle of HippolytaThe Cattle of GeryonThe Mares of King DiomedesThe Golden Apples of the HesperidesCerberus and Hades How Athena Helped Hercules During  the 12 Labors Athena helped Hercules during labors 6, 11, and 12.  To scare off the enormous flock of birds at a lake by the town of Stymphalos during Labor No. 6, Athena gave Hercules noisemaking clappers, known as  krotala. During Labor No. 11, Athena may have helped Hercules to  hold up the world when the titan Atlas went to fetch the apples of the Hesperides for him. While Atlas was off getting the apples, Hercules agreed to lift up the world, a task that the titan normally performed. After Hercules brought the apples to his taskmaster Eurystheus to complete this labor, they had to be returned, so Athena took them back. Finally, Athena may have escorted Hercules and Cerberus out of the Underworld during Labor No. 12.  Specifically, she helped  Hercules in his madness, preventing him  from killing more people than he already had. After tragically killing  his own  children when madness overtook him, Hercules was about to kill Amphitryon, but  Athena knocked him out. This stopped him from murdering his mortal father. So while Athena has been heralded for her beauty, her efforts with Hercules reveal how much of a warrior she was.

An exploration of the relationship between learning organisations and Essay

An exploration of the relationship between learning organisations and the retention of knowledge workers - Essay Example The new economy has been defined as one which is technology based. In the new economy, knowledge workers are the most important employees for any organization because they facilitate the creation of knowledge which is critical for maintaining the competitive advantage. Therefore the findings from the paper would enable managers in the new economy to manage turnover intent so that an organization can create a long-term strategic advantage by creating human capital. The importance of knowledge management can be seen in the case of Starbucks, the leading brand in the specialty coffee industry (Pearlson & Saunders, 2008, pp. 56-60). The company has implemented the web 2.0 technology which has enhanced cooperation between employees throughout the organization. Web 2.0 facilitates knowledge management by enabling employees to collaborate online through information sharing. As a result the employees are able to participate in the decision-making process. This increases job satisfaction and decreases turnover intention. The company maintains a continuous process of innovation which is guided by knowledge management. For this reason HR managers have to formulate strategies aimed at motivating knowledge workers who can make the innovation process effective. The managers at Starbucks can apply the findings from the present journal.

All American Poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

All American Poem - Essay Example It uncovers the profundity of Dickmans ethical creative ability and demands his dedication to creating his different voice and topical reach. Mayakovskys Revolver is that uncommon work that lays bear how verse battles both with life and with itself. When all is said in done Dickman is an extraordinary kind of artist, the sort to start in his followers an interest for the creator himself. One may muse on how a discussion with Yeats may go, or wish to send Robert Lowell some lively blessing via mail, yet what might one tribute for an evening of strolling with Whitman, simply listening to him bring up out, or to light both closures of ones flame with Edna St. Vincent Millay? Dickmans ballads appear to handle you by the wrist, or around the waist and aide you to a vantage point where the world looks somewhat more confident. This is particularly valid for his first book, All-American Poem, which overflows over with satisfaction, with quality, and dissatisfaction of all assortment. It is the sort of book you require your companions to peruse. Here is a selection from one of the sonnets of that gathering, "Moderate Dance," which picked up right on time consideration, along these lines numerous solicitations at readings that Dickman once clowned it was in hazard of turning into his "Free Bird": One could continue endlessly like this. What fun there is in Dickman! What inconvenience and hopelessness! There is sufficient sex and amusingness and excellence in these pages to make one swell with the rapture of presence. Yet, however characteristic the appeal of Dickmans work, his ballads are anything other than gullible. His simple style may appear to think again at history with close to a detached look, however this insouciance is won through cautious study: one of Dickmans enchantment traps is pulling off the posture of footloose novice while at the same time participating in an expert dialog with the wonderful convention. In fact, Dickmans engagement with his

Autobiographical Essay Essay Example for Free

Autobiographical Essay Essay My first encounter with fear to a high extent was when I was six years old. I was riding in the car with my mom who was under the influence of alcohol. The fear that rushed through my veins made me think that something as horrible as death could happen. My older brother and younger sister were both in the car. We then pulled into the parking lot of a liquor store. My heart sank to know that my mom was consuming more alcohol to make her blood alcohol level rise. My mom stepped out of the car into the cover of darkness and walked into the store to purchase a fifth of whiskey. When she walked out of the store, I thought to myself that something really bad was going to happen that night. When my mom returned to the car, I looked deep into her eyes and asked her, â€Å"Can you please take us home before anything bad happens?† She looked at me and said, while slurring her words, â€Å"Everything is going to be okay.† I knew that everything was not going to be okay. My mom then started the car, reversed, and drove out of the parking lot of the liquor store to run over the island in the middle of the road. The car tilted from side to side and back onto the smooth road to safety. As I looked out of the window of my door with water filling my eyes, I blurrily saw cops drive past us as though we were invisible. Every part of me wanted to spring out of my car door and bring attention to the danger that was in the atmosphere. Every time a chance came, I let it slip by because I was afraid that my mom would scream at me. All I wanted to do was fall asleep and wake up in my comfy bed at home, but I knew that was impossible. We had been driving for what felt like an hour but it was only five minutes. After I blinked the water from my eyes, I realized that we were in the parking lot of Papa Murphy’s. My mom sent my older brother in to go and get the pizza that she had ordered earlier that afternoon. When he returned my mom got off the car and walked over to a group of guys standing outside of a bar and started hitting on them making a complete fool of her. As I watched those guys scan her body, disgust over took my body. As soon as her door clicked shut, I unbuckled my seatbelt, grabbed to fifth of whiskey out of the cup holder, opened my door, and through the bottle at a nearby tree. The glass bottle shattered into tiny pieces onto the grass around the tree. The relief that rushed through my body gave me hope and actually made me believe that  everything was going to be okay. After my mom finally got back into the car, she looked back at me and my sister in the back seat and said, â€Å"I’m taking you home to eat dinner with your dad now.† When those words came out of her mouth, I was filled with joy. When we finally pulled into our driveway, I unfastened my seatbelt in a flash and bolted into the house, turned the oven on, and ran into my dad’s loving arms as tears ran down my face. The comfort and loving care I felt as my dad wrapped his arms around me, made me know that I was safe. My dad then looked down at me and said with a serious look on his face, â€Å"I’m going to go and talk to your mom and see what she wants to do.† When he closed the slider door behind him, I heard my mom raise her voice in a way that made you think someone was dying. I ran to the slider door to see what was happening. The look on my dad’s face brought tears to my eyes. He was so sickened to see my mom drown herself in alcohol. My mom through her hands into the air, got back into her car, and drove away angrily. My dad then came up the steps of our deck as though he just found out that he had only a week to live. When he finally reached the door, he looked up to see the dry tear marks down my face, opened the door, and embraced me. We then walked into our living room to see my brother and sister watching Sponge Bob, we joined them. My dad then slowly walked into the kitchen to place the pizza in the oven. After about twenty minutes, we all sat down together and had dinner. Soon after, my dad looked at us three kids and said with a smile, â€Å"I have a surprise for you guys!† I looked at my siblings and saw life come into their eyes. My dad then went into the other room and came back out with an enormous bag of candy. As soon as he placed the bag on the table, we kids dog piled that bag of candy like it was the last supply of food on the earth. After we were all satisfied with candy sticking to our faces, we all went into the living room to watch a movie. I sat next to my dad while my siblings sat right in front of the 60 inch television. After, I finally fell asleep in my dad’s arms watching Popeye, I felt secure and safe. The next morning, I woke up to my dad saying to me, â€Å"Your mom got a DUI last night and she has to spend some time in jail.† When I heard that, I immediately thought that maybe my mom had either caused an accident or possibly even killed someone. We then immediately left the house to see if we could go and bail my mom out. We  couldn’t. She had to spend 4 days in jail. Those 4 days were the longest days ever. I loved my mom so much but I hated her when she was under the influence. Losing emotional connection from my mom was a hard thing to go through. I was a â€Å"daddy’s girl† so, my mom just always thought that my dad had to only be there for me. Even when they divorced she was never there for me emotionally. Ever since that day we’ve never emotionally connected. She confessed to me that she had to shut me out because I reminded her of my dad. Aside from all the chaos, I learned a very important lesson; never drink and drive. Experiencing this moment, made me know that alcohol affects everyone; the devout Christian, the highest paid employee, the people who swore they would never drink, and even the Lindsay Lohan’s. I knew from that moment on that if I even dared to drink alcohol, I would not do it front of my children or drive. Ten years after this encounter, my mom has lived her life as a recovered addict from alcohol. She saw how her drinking effected everyone she loved; her kids, husband, mom, dad, nieces, nephews, etc. From that moment on, my mom decided that she wouldn’t use alcohol as a numbing device to the pain. She hasn’t even touched the smallest bit of alcohol since. I am proud of her and am happy to see her live her life in freedom instead of bondage. That day made me know that I didn’t want to be seen by my kids, drinking and driving. I believe this moment was put in my life just so that I would now not to make the mistakes that my mom made and actually live my life in peace.

The Colector Crimes vs. Drug Crimes :: essays research papers

Various crimes have select penalties in which they are accompanied with. As a part of the American way, fairness and justice is the prime concern in the court of law. However, some specific crimes do not seem to fit the punishment. Although these serious offenses are in fact crimes, their penalties coincide with unlawful acts that effect more people, and therefore should not be of the same punishment. Examples of these unequal ratios are the comparisons between murder and kidnaping laws to those of drug crimes. These offenses are indeed actions that effect more than one person in a negative way. The victims, along with their families and friends, are impacted dramatically when a person is lost, missing, or even dead. These effects last long after justice is served. But how well is this justice served? Are murderers on the same levels of drug offenders? First degree murder is the most heinous crime with the harshest penalties in the American judicial system. No other offense will allow the same punishments to convicts, which honestly makes perfect sense. However, second degree murder calls for up to a $25,000 fine and/or four to twenty years in prison, (Rockton site). This crime, voluntary manslaughter, is the deliberate and intentional murder of a person. Along with this crimeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s penalty, there is an equal punishment if the act was drug related. For possessing fifteen grams of cocaine without intent to sell, an offender will be exposed to the same consequences as if they would have shot and killed a young woman in the middle of a crowded building, (Hoffman Estates site). Possession of that amount of cocaine is indeed an offense, but does it equal the loss of a life? If this criminal was selling this amount, the charge should be higher since more people are affected. For example, it would be suicide if one were to ov erdose on the amount of cocaine, but if an overdose was a result of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sales, than this action would be dubbed involuntary manslaughter, or the unintentional act leading to a death. However, this consequence is only of possession, not supplying to another person who could harm themselves. Another example of these extreme penalties is the common link between kidnaping and possession of methamphetamine. Possession of five grams of methamphetamine with intent to sell is obviously a disgusting way of life, but so is the abduction of a person.

State-of-the-Art Et Application Practices

?HI EMAS State-of-the-art ET Application practices * Looking through progressive state policies that support technology-in-education, and other new developments in pedagogical practice, our educators today have become more aware and active in adopting state-of-the-art educational technology practices they can possibly adopt. Introduction * Educators have become more aware and active in adopting state-of-the-art educational technology practices they can possibly adopt today. Computer Literacy and Competence – Don’t invest in technology hardware/system that may become a white elephant in a few years More recent ET in education practice * It is now accepted that the contribution of the computer to pedagogy makes up for â€Å"good instruction. † * Teachers must therefore acquire or improve on their computer skills, as well as their â€Å"computers-in-the-classroom† skills. Trends that should be recognized by educators * Through school or training center comput er courses, students have become computer literate.Teachers have deemphasized rote learning and have spent more time in methods to allow students to comprehend/internalize lessons. * Students assessment/examinations have included measurement of higher learning outcomes such as creative thinking skills. * Recent teaching-learning models (such as constructivism and social constructivism) have paved for instructional approaches in which students rely less on teachers as information-givers, and instead more on their efforts to acquire information, build their own knowledge, and solve problems. These trends and new levels of learning require the appropriate use of state-of-the-art instruction and the use of IT, tapping the computer’s information and communication tools (such as word processors, databases, spreadsheets, presentation software, e-mail, Internet conferencing, etc. ) Obstacles to IT pedagogical practice * Use of the computer is time-consuming and expensive. The fear th at computers may soon replace teachers. * Ensure that the use of ET is fitted to learning objectives. * Teachers should acquire computer skills, serving as models in integrating technology in the teaching-learning process. Fostering a student-centered learning environment * Virtue is in moderation and so, there is truly a need for teachers to balance their time to the preparation and application of instructional tools. Through wise technical advice, schools can also acquire the most appropriate computer hardware and software. At the same time, training should ensure that the use of ET is fitted to learning objectives. In addition, teachers should acquire computer skills for so that they can serve as models in integrating educational technology in the teaching-learning process.SYSTEMATIC INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING PROCESS * All these suggestions show that teachers and schools can no longer avoid the integration of educational technology in instruction. Especially in the coming years, whe n portable and mobile computing will make computing activities easier to perform, the approaches to classroom pedagogy must change. And with continuing changes in high-speed communication, mass storage of data, including the revolutionary changes among school libraries, educators should be open for more drastic educational changes in the years ahead.

Disaster management approaches for libraries in India

Abstraction The present paper highlights the catastrophe and its direction in general and in libraries in electronic age. The paper besides suggested the direction methods of catastrophe in libraries. Libraries are the keeper of our history, civilization and civilisation. They are maintaining the heritage of the state in safe for last 1000s of old ages. The precaution against catastrophe for the libraries is really of import. Safeguard should be in such planned ways that save the resources of library without any harm. In India libraries are non concentrating on catastrophe direction due to unawareness and dearth of financess. Libraries and reputed Information Centres should organize plan on catastrophe direction in libraries. There should be developing and workshop plan for library forces every bit good as for library users. Library and pull offing authorization should do necessary agreement for the effectual plan of catastrophe direction in libraries. Disaster direction plan should be implement ed from the initial phase ( from the building of edifice for any administration ) . Key-Words:Catastrophe, Disaster Management, Natural Disaster, Man-Made Disaster, Disaster Management – Libraries, Artificial Disaster 1. Introduction: Now libraries of India transforming themselves from traditional library to modern library or we may state automated, electronic, digital, practical or intercrossed libraries. With the development of engineering alterations, the development of hardship besides increased. Adversity or catastrophe may be natural an artificial besides. Disaster and its direction ( Disaster Management ) now becomes the firing subject in many field due to natural catastrophe as cyclone, twister, temblor, fire due to heavy rain, H2O inundation etc. and unreal catastrophe as power grid failure, web failure, fire, waiter fail, short -circuit etc. In libraries, governments and libraries are non giving their attending for direction of any sort of catastrophe. In India except some progress libraries, most of libraries have no prearrangement for catastrophe. Libraries have our history. Civilization and civilization in books and in electronic signifier, if any catastrophe occurred they will lose valuable history, Civilization and civilization. 2. Catastrophe Catastrophe is an unexpected, black go oning transporting inordinate mutilation, harm, and devastation and desolation to life and belongings. The mutilation caused by catastrophes is incalculable and differs with the topographical location, clime and the type of the Earth surface/degree of susceptibleness. These effects may be mental, socio-economic, political and cultural province of the affected country. Catastrophe may be work forces made ( Artificial ) and natural. Some definition of catastrophe as follow: An happening doing widespread devastation and hurt ; a catastrophe.† Emergency â€Å"A serious state of affairs or happening that happens out of the blue and demands immediate action [ 1 ] .† ( American Heritage Dictionary. 3 rd. ed. , 1996 ) In modern-day academe, catastrophes are seen as the consequence of jeopardies on vulnerable countries. Hazards that occur in countries with low exposure do non ensue in a catastrophe ; as is the instance in uninhabited parts. ( Quarantelli 1998 ) [ 2 ] . Acatastropheis a natural or semisynthetic ( or technological ) jeopardy ensuing in an event of significant extent doing important physical harm or devastation, loss of life, or drastic alteration to the environment. A catastrophe can be extensively defined as any tragic event stemming from events such as temblors, inundations, ruinous accidents, fires, or detonations. It is a phenomenon that can do harm to life and belongings and destruct the economic, societal and cultural life of people. [ 3 ] 2.1 Natural Catastrophe A natural catastrophe is an deduction when a natural danger touches creatures and/or the built atmosphere. The resulting harm is governed by on the capacity of the population to back up or contend the catastrophe: their resiliency. This apprehension is concentrated in the preparation: â€Å" catastrophes occur when jeopardies meet defencelessness † . A natural danger will hereafter ne'er consequence in a natural catastrophe in countries without exposure. Numerous uniquenesss like, landslides, temblors, eruptions, volcanic, cyclones and inundations are all natural jeopardies that kill 1000s of people and destroy moneys of district and goods every clip. Followings are the chief natural catastrophes:EarthquakesFloodsVolcanic eruptionsCyclonesBiological agents ( micro-organisms, insect or vermin infestation )Fires ( wildfires )Rain2.2. Artificial ( Men Made ) Catastrophe With the technological development the jeopardies besides grows. Artificial catastrophes besides can be caused by worlds. Dangerous stuffs exigencies include chemical tumbles and groundwater pollution. Workplace fires ( caused by short-circuit etc. ) are more common and can arise significant belongings mutilation and loss of life. Communities are besides defenseless to these menaces posed by overzealous groups who use fierceness against both people and belongings. In Artificial catastrophe, marks may include military and civilian authorities installations, international airdromes, high-profile landmarks and big metropoliss. In Cyber-terrorism involves onslaughts against computing machines ( server down, virus onslaught, choping and unauthorized entree etc. ) and networks done to intimidate or coerce a authorities or its people for political or societal aims. 3. Disaster direction It is a subject that includes devising, armed robbery, and reconstructing society when natural or human-made catastrophes occur. In general, any Crisis direction is the ageless procedure by which all persons, groups, and communities manage jeopardies in an attempt to avoid or hone the impact of catastrophes ensuing from the jeopardies ‘Disaster direction can be defined as the organisation and direction of resources and duties for covering with all human-centered facets of exigencies, in peculiar readiness, response and recovery in order to decrease the impact of catastrophes. [ 4 ] 4. Catastrophe in Libraries Catastrophe either natural or manmade may happen in any administration and at any topographic point of the universe. Its earnestness may be distinguished on preventative, pre-arrangement and other security methods. Now, libraries have entered in the age of electronic age but with the coming of engineering in libraries, the technological ( Artificial ) catastrophe has besides generated. Natural catastrophe like implosion therapy, temblor, cyclones, rain and Volcanic eruptions etc. are indistinguishable and non changed but traveling toward uncertainness due to planetary heating. Day to twenty-four hours semisynthetic catastrophe as power cuts, web failure, cooling- warming, larceny of books, web tower failure, struggle, noise, and force may happen in libraries. Besides these, fire, sever failure, crashing of computing machine besides are major catastrophe in libraries. Sometimes some misshaping may change over in major catastrophe in libraries. 5. Disaster Management in Libraries: Libraries are our guardian or custodian of our history, civilization and civilisation. They are maintaining these records in printed and non-printed papers. Students, scholar outlook are besides linked with libraries. So maintenance and security of libraries are indispensable from catastrophe etc. In this concern Indian libraries ( particularly authorities and public libraries ) frustrated us. Libraries are non so secured in this concern. Most of the libraries have non installed fire dismay system in their libraries. If installed, the care of these systems is zero, merely they became show peace. Libraries are besides faces many twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours catastrophe like power-cuts ( No holding generators ) , no heating-cooling system etc. Libraries are information Centre are besides organizing many workshop, conference and seminar of ICT but neglected the subject like catastrophe direction in libraries [ 5 ] . This is doomed of Libraries as they are supplying reading stuff ( books, diaries and encyclopaedias etc. ) on catastrophe direction to their users for research but for them, there is no such ageless plan in this concern. Fundss are besides a barrier in this concern as libraries non acquiring equal financess for purchase books etc. and these catastrophes are the secondary stage for the libraries. I personally observed in many libraries that there was no such preventative equipment and measuring for this catastrophe ( natural and semisynthetic ) . Catastrophe commanding program is a must be assimilated in preliminary planning of establishing a library and information Centre. Numerous minor arrows for a complete catastrophe direction program, which are independent of each other but are interwoven. Libraries either academic or public and authorization ( Government- Non-Government ) should do the undermentioned proviso in their libraries against catastrophe direction: Fruitful Plan: Each catastrophe has three stages: earlier, during and after. A variableness of programs is required to pull off with each of these stages. There should be fruitful program for catastrophe direction. Catastrophe program must cover complete of the library and information Centre including staff, readers, beginnings of information, equipment and substructure and it must be a concerted squad attempt. Mirror Server/ Backup:There should be agreement of mirror waiter and day-to-day backup of work should be taken on regular base by the competent library staff. Data backup should non maintain in library and be placed at minimal two topographic points. A responsible staff may take this backup with them. AMC of library waiter and UPC may be an alternate security step for this. Power Supply:There should be one chief switch of light system of library and topographic point to put MCV- Light accountant should be installed in the library to avoid short-circuit in light system. Duty:There should be arrested development of duties on staff and suited should be identified and sequence should be fixed in written and verbally. Suitable senior and junior staff should be incorporated in catastrophe planning. Power-Cuts: There should be installing of Solar Power System and UPS to provide the the uninterrupted power supply. Sound proof power generator may be installed for this system. Fire:Fire dismay system and fume sensor should be installed in library on each degree so that any type of fume and fire is detected. The staff preparation is indispensable to manage such system and should openings for staff to be qui vive of what is expected of them in the event of catastrophe. Library should placing imperative parts of the edifice, aggregations, apportioning deliverance primacies, acknowledging utility storage sites, supplying satisfactory fire protection. Extra Fundss Agreement: There should be an extra fund agreement to secure the preventative equipment and for doing such catastrophe agreement in libraries. Rain- Floods: It is impartial as of import to find where the H2O is coming from and should to halt it at its cause as it is to cover up the books. There should be agreement of H2O security out system around the library. The entree of H2O should travel in direct to toss off to earth. User Awareness Program: There should be a user consciousness plan sing the catastrophe direction. This plan may be included in user education/ orientation plan of the library. Workshop/Training and Conference: Time to clip library and information centres should form preparation and workshop plan on catastrophe direction in libraries. Disaster Management Agency:Library and information centres may engage Disaster Management Agency for catastrophe direction. Library may contract with such type of bureau ( Government and Private ) . There are many such types of bureaus are available ( on-line – offline ) for catastrophe direction.6. Decision:Now the scope of catastrophe has increased, natural catastrophe is increasing due to planetary heating and unreal catastrophes ( man-made ) are increasing with the coming of Information Communication Technology. Pre-planning for catastrophe is really of import as this direction is inter-linked on each other. These planning should be implemented from the initial stage ( from the point of building of edifice of any administration like libraries ) . Time to clip mock drill should besides implement for proving of the plan. Care of such process is besides really of import. Government, non-government and pull offing governments should besides pay more attending on this issue. Go vernment should besides do such positive policies for libraries and information sing the execution of catastrophe direction.Related BibliographyAparac-Gazivoda, T. and Katalenac, D. ( 1993 ) Wounded libraries in Croatia, Zagreb: Croatian Library Association. Archives, Aldershot: Ashgate.Featherstone, Robin M. , Lyon, Becky J, and Ruffin, Angela B. ( 2008 ) .Librarian’s Role in Disaster Response: an Oral History Project. Journal of Medical Library Association, 96,256-282.doi 10.3163/1536-5050.96.4.009.Golrick, Michael A. ( 2009 ) . Disaster direction: Stairss in the procedure. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //michaelgolrick.blogspot.com/2009/03/disaster-management-plan-steps-in.html.Saint matthews, G. and Eden, P. ( 1996 ) Disaster direction in British libraries. Project study with guidelines for library directors, London: The British Library.Saint matthews, Graham, & A ; Eden, Paul. ( 1996 ) â€Å" Disaster direction preparation in libraries † , Library R eview, Vol. 45 Iodine: 1, pp.30 – 38Riedlmayer, A. ( 2007 ) ‘Crimes of war, offenses of peace: devastation of libraries during and after the Balkan wars of the 1990s’ , Library Trends 1 ( 56 ) , 107-132.1

Dbms Implentation Essays

Dbms Implentation Essays Dbms Implentation Essay Dbms Implentation Essay Learning Team Assignment: DBMS Implementation Plan Resource: Virtual Organization for Huffman Trucking Write a 10-12 page plan for the implementation of an enterprise DBMS for Huffman Trucking. Assume that the Microsoft ® Access Fleet Truck Maintenance Database listed on the Huffman Trucking intranet site has been implemented. Assume other departments within Huffman Trucking have stand-alone databases, at least one of which uses database software other than Microsoft ® Access. Identify all of your assumptions. Your plan should discuss the details and features of the DBMS that would be implemented, problems that would be addressed by the system implementation, and issues that might be incurred during the system’s implementation. Introduction With increasingly more data requiring to be saved, arranged, and accessed in an organization, the requirement to apply and use a good Database Management System (DBMS) has become essential. DBMS systems vary from an easy system for example Microsoft ® Access to more complicated systems for example Structured Query Language (SQL) and Oracle. The aim of this analysis is to look into the existing procedures being utilized in Huffman Trucking since they relate with data storing, organization, and accessibility and then to suggest what DBMS system might meet the requirements of the organization. This evaluation will start looking at the existing DBMS system being used by Huffman Trucking and determine the weaknesses and strengths of the existing process(s). After the research into the existing system is finished, our team will look at different DBMS systems to determine which system would be much better suited to Huffman Trucking. As soon as the DBMS system is determined, our team will show the details and characteristics of the suggested DBMS system which Huffman Trucking must look into to buy and implement. Finally, our team will suggest an agenda for applying the suggested DBMS system, determine which issues in the existing Huffman Trucking might be fixed by using the system, and determine problems which may be incurred during the system’s execution. Requests, Analysis, and Responses Company’s Request When the organization was small, having the ability to monitor everything from truck repair and company staff was relatively simple but; since the company has expanded a requirement for a better system has developed. Huffman Trucking has turned to our company to examine their existing database procedures, determine the weaknesses and strengths of their existing database system, and suggest both an improved database system as well as methods the system may be applied in the organization. Current Analysis for Huffman Trucking About the Company: Huffman Trucking was established by K. Huffman in 1936, with a one semi-tractor trailer operation which has expanded to an operation which presently has more than eight hundred road tractors, more than 2,100 trailers, and more than 260 â€Å"roll-on/roll-off† units utilized to shift cargo off and on ships to their tractors. Presently the Company Office and Service Center is situated in Cleveland, OH, with other facilities in Los Angeles, CA, St. Louis, MO, as well as Bayonne, NJ. The organization employs more than 925 drivers as well as 425 support staff. The organization forecasts that they will carry on growing therefore requiring additional vehicles, drivers as well as staff. Analysis of Current Database Processes Huffman Trucking presently uses a number of different database systems to incorporate Microsoft ® Access, MySQL, as well as Microsoft ® Excel files. Microsoft ® Access is used by the maintenance division to save, arrange, and access 2 different maintenance databases to incorporate: Entities and Attributes for Drivers Log and the Entities and Attributes for Fleet Truck Maintenance. MySQL is presently used by the Human Resource division to save, arrange and get access to information on all associates in the organization. Though not a database management system, several individual divisions maintain data information saved and arranged on Microsoft ® Excel spreadsheets (Apollo Group, 2004). Weaknesses of Current Database Processes Contrary to the strengths, there are several weak points regarding the existing database procedures. Firstly, theres no continuity or uniformity of data from all divisions and places in the organization. This may lead to data mistakes, duplicate data in the various systems used, and the failure to develop helpful information which can help Huffman Trucking make better company decisions. A lot of data is being saved and arranged on Excel spreadsheets, that can be lost if the computer system the data is saved might fail. These Excel spreadsheets also can just be accessed by some associates in the organization and might not be for other divisions or associates. Using MySQL and Microsoft ® Access assists however all the data being saved in the databases arent shared with most of the organization. Response to Company’s Request After assessing the existing database procedures used by Huffman Trucking, our company agrees with Huffman Trucking’s request to buy and apply a much better database system for the entire organization; this latest system would substitute their Microsoft ® Access, MySQL, and Microsoft ® Excel spreadsheets. Recommended DBMS It is suggested for Huffman Trucking to utilize a company database management system (DBMS). For the reason that; Huffman Trucking needs a DBMS that would help various functions because big amount of data is saved on regular basis and that too at various places. A relational database system for example the Oracle 10g is a strongly recommended database for Huffman Trucking. Oracle 10g assigns an exclusive ID to each transaction or data that makes it simpler to save the data and also serves the objective of easily finding the data. Additionally, exclusive ID which is linked to the data remains same and cant be modified. This saves on the expense of data redundancy whereby, ame data might be saved on many places by various users. Additionally, any data that has to be upgraded may be upgraded quickly and the upgraded file automatically replaces the last file. This will decrease the worry to have an upgraded file with some latest naming convention to ensure that during retrieval, the user recalls which one was the latest version. Though Oracle 10g DBMS might be a costly option re garding the expense of getting and applying this type of DBMS, it is still a valuable investment because it may be operated from one place and can tackle large volumes of data. Another significant aspect is considering for future years. Huffman Trucking might be thinking about applying an ERP in future and this DBMS could be an ideal selection because most ERP systems, for example SAP and Oracle R12, are based on Oracle Databases and it will be simpler for Huffman Trucking to blend Oracle 10g with Oracle R12 or SAP. Additionally, the skilled assets will be used and will be useful during the use of Oracle R12 or SAP. Additionally, Oracle 10g is a dependable database from a famous system application provider, Oracle. Consequently, there will be less data mistakes because of fault due to undesirable Database and if there come up a mistake, the metalink support supplied by Oracle is extremely effective to timely fix the problems about the databases. Additionally, the truth that databases are constantly upgraded by patches and upgrade files supplied by Oracle itself, will make sure that data safety stays unchanged and mistakes are eliminated prior to they are actually experienced by the organization. After evaluating all the benefits linked with Oracle 10g, it may be determined that all the deficiencies in the existing DBMS at Huffman Trucking, shall be eliminated. There might be a cost factor which may hinder the management to consider shifting towards with the deal; however the advantages easily outweigh the expenses. Implementing the DBMS Implementation Plan Huffman Trucking isnt different concerning applying a DBMS, every organization depends on a great DBMS just because it offers all the required tools in applying strategies, establishing and accomplishing business objectives. As the data of a company is their most significant asset, establishing a plan to use the DBMS is extremely important. Huffman Trucking has got offices and hubs in 4 different towns across the country; using a DBMS which would provide the company’s workers access to their data both locally as well as remotely. The plan must concentrate on traditional file processing, file duplication, formats, as well as security. This would also include determining which organizational hubs will be served directly, determining current and future applications which would be required, and significantly, which functions will be used. Determining the document needs is a vital step in that it provides a better option of DBMS supplier selection. Issues that can be solved by the Implementation Presently Huffman Trucking uses several database systems, the staffs are separately handling data, data duplication is yet another problem and the existing system is certain to security threats. As per Anjard (1994), the key reason on applying a DBMS may be described as â€Å"decrease in data redundancy, upgrading mistakes and enhanced data uniformity, greater data integrity and independence from use, assisting development of latest programs, advancement in data safety, lowering of data, storage, and retrieval expenses, and overall improve data access to users†. With this new execution, Huffman Trucking can depend on the system for data administration and data adjustment and utilizing questions to get helpful information. Data management as well as data adjustment are two main characteristics of database system. Having more than one place across the country, the latest execution brings data uniformity and data concurrency. Having a multiuser database, several Huffman’s workers (users) can access data simultaneously and data uniformity make each user sees a uniform view of a data, incorporating noticeable modifications by other users and the user. Workers wont need to save important company papers on their local machines; it can be accessed from shared servers in the network. All hubs have accessibility to data all over the Huffman’s facilities; this will enhance effectiveness and efficiency significantly. The Human Resource Division will have access to every worker record; also managers and other workers who have limited access to sensitive papers. As presently, â€Å"the compensation manager keeps Excel spreadsheet with results of job analyses, salary surveys, as well as personal compensation decisions† (Apollo Group, 2004); this information may be handled by the DBMS providing access to limited users only. This information shouldn’t be placed by a person; the organization must be capable to access information such as this to get helpful information for comparison and analytical functions. Issues that may be incurred during Implementation One main problem which most organizations encounter when implementing the latest DBMS is the expense, others vary from its complexity to size cumbersome. The expense underlying execution of DBMS comprises software and hardware, transformation of files-for example file-based to database. Huffman Trucking income report indicates the net income below twenty thousand dollars through the years 2005 and 2006; DBMS are extremely costly, an organization must do detail research prior to selecting which system to use. A few DBMS expenses might be reduced based on the characteristics as well as functions which are needed by the company. Other problems arent restricted to working in the software and hardware standards of the company and utilizing present resources to reduce cost. Time and economic limitations must be taken into consideration; the requirements of the company must be met. Employees’ capability to get accustomed to the latest system must also be considered; the system will provide a major improvement to the company but might have a damaging as well as challenging influence on the users. Database systems are complicated, a highly trained staff will assist ease the conversion procedure. Every worker who requires to makes use of the system must be skilled, or the users will rebel and the system will fail. Conclusion Discussion starts here . . .

Artificial Intelligence And The Legal Profession

Artificial Intelligence And The Legal Profession Technologies that may be able to automate typical legal duties, such as performing case research or creating standard contracts, have existed now for quite some time but have not been fully integrated into practice as of yet. However, in roughly the last decade, pressure on lawyers and law firms to reduce fees has increased and this has led to a more favorable attitude toward legal technologies in a push to increase efficiency throughout the profession. Second, pressure to improve access to justice by reducing both financial and structural barriers affecting disadvantaged groups has led to the development of several online or otherwise accessible legal technologies. Third, as the capabilities of computers grow to include higher-level processes, the possibilities for their integration into the legal field grow too. While previous legal technologies threatened to replace mostly clerical work, artificial intelligence may threaten to replace lawyers themselves. To gain a comprehensive un derstanding of this topic, it is necessary to explore the current state of artificial intelligence in the legal profession, how it impacts the demand for lawyer labor, and how the profession’s regulatory structures relate to the trajectory of legal technology. The term â€Å"artificial intelligence† describes how computers can perform tasks that might generally be thought to require some level of human intelligence. These tasks can range from flagging outliers in a set of data to transcribing an audio tape and everything in between. Fundamentally, computers operate based on sets of defined rules. Any task to be performed by computers must be able to be articulated as a set of basic rules to be followed. Deductive rules are those laid out in a step-by-step process that is followed by the computer until the task is completed. An example of this as applied to automated legal work is the use of automated document assembly, such as the creation of a template for a will or other standard legal document. In a matter of seconds, a document assembly application can pull relevant information about a client and use this to create a personalized document. Similarly, a computer could provide a list of cases from a particular court citing a parti cular statute. In addition to such tasks whose processes can be modeled explicitly, some other tasks can be accomplished with the use of data-driven rules. The relationship between a set of input variables and the resulting outputs can be estimated by a process called â€Å"supervised machine learning†, so called because the estimation is bounded by the set of training data. For example, a team of researchers was able to develop a model to predict the behavior of the Supreme Court, based only on data from past decisions. They were able to achieve 70.2% prediction accuracy at the case outcome level and 71.9% prediction accuracy at the justice vote level. While these predictions cannot be expressed based on a combination of deductive rules as in previous examples, with enough input data a relatively consistent pattern can be recognized. Similarly, software for automated document review has been developed and proven successful at determining relevancy of documents based on the i nput of a â€Å"seed set† of documents designated relevant or not. As well as being able to potentially replace or improve the efficiency of routine legal tasks, predictive algorithms like these have possible applications to the legal field as a whole. For example, results of a race-neutral sentencing predictor algorithm could be compared to actual sentences to determine the influence of human bias in such processes. Overall, the success of data-driven algorithms is significant primarily in that it highlights the routineness of some tasks that would otherwise be viewed as more sophisticated and complex. The adoption of technology into the legal workplace will be influenced by the market in addition to the quality and capabilities of available technologies. Historically, the demand for technology in law firms has been low for several reasons. The billable hour system economically encouraged inefficiency, while the typical partnership structure meant the funds for new technologies would come directly out of the pockets of partners, unlike a traditional corporation structure in which the money would come from shareholders. To the first point, in recent years there has been a notable shift in supply of lawyers relative to demand for lawyer labor. This leads to increasing pressure to improve efficiency and reduce cost to clients. Additionally, a rise in the share of legal work performed by a company’s house legal department compared to that performed by outside law firms allows these technologies to be purchased with corporation funds, which is more favorable. In addition to the g rowing demand for legal technologies, the capabilities of such technologies are expanding rapidly as well. The theory of disruptive innovation explains how this will also contribute to the growing prevalence of legal technology. When the only legal tasks that could be automated were clerical and other low-level services, law firms were willing to buy into such software to improve efficiency and better serve their clients. However, developers have since been able to expand their technologies to handle more complex tasks, and firms now are practically required to adopt them as client pressures grow. This phenomenon, in addition to the growing market interest, will lead to rapid adoption of technology into the legal realm. As the use of technology in the legal profession grows, the impact of artificial intelligence on the demand for lawyer labor in some areas has been or will be relatively significant, while in others is unlikely to pose a significant threat. The distinction between tasks that can easily be automated versus those that cannot is in the extent to which their underlying structures can be defined. For example, while document drafting can be successfully automated as discussed above, more complex legal writing characterizing the state of the law or its application to particular factual circumstances presents a much more challenging situation. The conceptual creativity and flexibility demanded by this type of writing cannot be defined by either deductive or data-driven rules. Another example is the distinction between document review during discovery and document review during due diligence. While the former can be automated with the use of explicit rules, the latter requires critical judgme nts that a computer cannot make. A trained lawyer can note, for example, any unexpected information or violations of appropriate rules that a computer would not be able to recognize without being explicitly primed to look for such things. Some advanced applications of artificial intelligence to the legal profession have found ways to extend its reach despite these limitations. For example, IBM’s Debater System is able to analyze documents and other materials annotated first by humans. While this is clearly less efficient than purely automated processes since it requires time put in by an associate, it alleviates some of the major issues with automated lawyering; any glaring contradictions or relevant subtleties can be highlighted before the materials are analyzed by the software. Another way by which artificial intelligence can be employed to perform tasks that a lawyer is qualified to do is through online systems to resolve minor disputes ranging from parking violations to e -commerce complaints. These technologies aid lawyers in negotiating by analyzing overlap between stated preferences of the two parties and can typically reach a mutual solution without the involvement of a lawyer at all. While such systems may thus be able to replace lawyers and even judges entirely, they will likely have little impact on the overall demand for lawyer labor since it would likely not be feasible economically or otherwise to hire an attorney and litigate. In this way, the full automation of legal services comes at no cost to lawyer labor. In fact, a study that categorized legal tasks by the impact of automation on employment found that only around 4% of lawyers’ time was billed to tasks most acutely threatened by artificial intelligence. In summary, while even moderately complex legal tasks have been successfully automated, the legal profession is unlikely to find itself obsolete within a decade as some headlines predict. As new technologies continue to develop and make their way into the practice of law, there emerges a need for a better way to protect the integrity of the legal system while ensuring consumer protection and access to quality services for all members of the population. With regard to consumer protection, computers offer the advantage of eliminating human error and standardizing services in some cases, but certainly not all. For example, online services cannot effectively analyze highly complex scenarios, but instead of returning an error message often return products completed in a way that places the client liable. While consumer protection concerns are not necessarily graver with automated legal services, they deserve at least the same attention afforded to legal services provided by human lawyers. Current professionalism guidelines limit the performance of legal services to those trained and licensed to practice law, and the stated reason for this is â€Å"to protect the public fr om the consequences of receiving legal services from unqualified persons†. These regulations are then enforced through disciplinary sanctions imposed by bar committees. However, these guidelines have several weaknesses when it comes to the regulation of new technologies in the legal field. They fail to specifically outline what tasks require the expertise of a licensed practitioner, which makes them unhelpful in governing what tasks may be left to automated providers. Next, even though computers may not be skilled enough to perform some tasks normally handled by lawyers, they may be competent enough to assist trained professionals, something not addressed by the guidelines. Finally, there has never been a sophisticated investigation into exactly what tasks computers can perform at the same level lawyers can. Although the quality of legal services provided by automated programs may be lower than that provided by a trained and experienced lawyer, the low prices associated with t hese types of services justify their employment in certain instances. For example, someone who needs a simple will written has little need for a full-service lawyer. However, the consequences of trading low quality for low cost are magnified in more complex high-stakes issues like custody disputes or messy divorce negotiations. The â€Å"access to justice† problem discussed briefly above is a key aspect of the legal profession and should not be redefined as â€Å"access to some form of legal services whether quality or not†. While the introduction of low-cost automated services does increase accessibility to low-income persons, the result could be a two-tiered system that does not equally serve justice to the disadvantaged. For these reasons, it is important that the use of technology in the legal profession is regulated in the future to prevent it from being driven forward on the basis of outcome alone. When it comes to the recent discussion surrounding technology in the legal profession, there are two major sides taken. Some argue that incorporating more technology into the field will reduce costs to client with little expense in terms of quality and oppose strict regulations while others argue that there is no equal alternative to the work of a trained professional. This paper has shown the principles of artificial intelligence that govern which tasks can be automated successfully and discussed the impacts of such automation on the legal profession. While the media forecasts an end to the legal profession, in reality only a small portion of legal tasks are affected and the overall effect on the demand for lawyer labor is moderate at best. With that said, current regulations are insufficient at providing a consistent framework to guide the incorporation of artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies into the field, and the careful creation of such regulations will prove necessary as automated legal services develop further.

Prepare an international marketing environment analysis report for Essay

Prepare an international marketing environment analysis report for Australia - Essay Example The benefits of adoption of technology are reduced costs, new products and higher quality. Australia has a strong financial regulations and institutions which makes the business environment healthy. Introduction Australia is a country which comprises of the mainland of Australian continent, Tasmanian Island and smaller islands. It is sixth-largest country in the world by total area. It is a developed country and also one of the wealthiest of countries in the world. It is presently the world’s 12th largest economy. Australia has achieved second-highest human development index globally. It has achieved good performance in many vital statistics like health, quality of life, protection of civil liberties, economic freedom and political rights. Australia has a high urbanized population. In terms of trade Australia has given major emphasis on exporting manufactured goods. For more than 50 years, Australia has been facing a large current account deficit. For more than 15 years their GDP has grown by over 3.6% which is satisfactory as compared to other OECD average of 2.5%. During financial downturn in 2008-2009, Australia was the only advanced economy which had not been affected. But being a global economy Australia faced the effect because their trades with other countries got affected. It was during 2012 to early 2013, Australia faced major recession in some non-mining states. Inflation rate in Australia has been under control averaging about 2-3%. The major sector which contributes to the GDP is tourism, education, economy, financial services. They contribute about 70% of GDP to Australia’s economy. Australia’s major export includes agricultural products, like wool, wheat, minerals etc. International marketing environment in Australia The important factors of International marketing environment of Australia are as follows: Political environment Australia is a liberal-capitalistic democracy. Through government interference, they can decide the a mount of importation taxes to be imposed to protect the domestic economy. They can also create an environmental protection laws to protect the natural heritage of the country. It will automatically affect the Australian economy, since it will affect the amount of trade which takes place and also the exchange rates faced by it. With the global financial meltdown the Australian economy slowed down. The Australian economy is expected to grow due to its demand for raw materials from China. Since Australia exports vastly in iron ore and other agricultural products, the recession had comparatively less effect on them. Economic Environment Australia is lies between Antarctica and Asia. It has Indian Ocean to the west, Arafura, Timor and Coral Seas to the north, The Tasman Sea and the Southern Ocean to its south and finally Pacific Ocean to its east. This shows that Australia is at a strategic advantage in terms of exports and imports. But much of the country is dry, low and flat. Due to th is harsh physical environment people live close to the fertile coastal areas. Everyone wants to own home, and hence the nation has a high number of home ownership rates (Mulligan, 1996, p. 453). Hence the real