Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work Children and...

TDA 2.4 Equality, diversity and inclusion in work children and young people. Unfortunately some children, at some point in their life will experience some form of discrimination. This could be anything from being called names because they wear glasses or being shunned in the playground because they aren’t wearing the latest fashion in coats or trainers. Sadly as children become young people this could also grow into discrimination due to their race, colour or even sexual preferences. Whatever the age and whatever the reason, the impact and effect of discrimination and prejudice on children and young people can be extreme and can also have far reaching consequences for the sufferers – even following them into adulthood. Discrimination†¦show more content†¦Individual discrimination occurs when individual persons or groups of people within a school discriminates against others – that could be against staff, children, visitors or parents. The effects suffered by people who are discriminated against are always negative and can show themselves in a variety of ways. Children suffering discrimination may develop many symptoms. Some of which could be: Their confidence dwindles. Their standard of work may drop. They may be confused by other people’s treatment of them. They could start being angry - with themselves or others. A child could begin to lose self-esteem and become lazy and unco-operative. As all children and young people are different they would all react differently to being discriminated against, but any changes in behaviour or attitude could be an indication that something is going on. A major part of working with children and young people is to protect their rights and keep them from harm. So it is important that any adult does not let personal prejudices affect their work. They must look at their own values and attitudes and make sure they don’t have an impact on their work. With knowledge and understanding of different cultures and races that are in the school community many prejudices can be overcome. Working with special Educational Needs children and learning about what they can and cannot do – for whatever reason – also breaksShow MoreRelatedEquality Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children and Young People956 Words   |  4 PagesEquality diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people: Alison Brooks Assessment of how own attitude values and behaviour could impact on work with young people and children. 2.3 All those working in the school have a legal duty to protect the rights of children and young people. It is important that you examine your own attitudes and values critically; to consider how these may impact on the way you work with children Rigid and divisive views from adults can be reflectedRead MoreEquality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people837 Words   |  4 PagesLearning in Schools Unit 204 Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people Name: Date: 7th February 2014 This assignment covers all outcomes for Unit 4 1.1 What are the laws and codes of practice that relate to the promotion of equality and the valuing of diversity? (Make a list). Disability Discrimination Acts 1995 2005 Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 Race Relations Amendment Act 2000 Human Rights Act 1998 Children Acts 1989 2004 EducationRead MoreEquality, Diversity and Inclusion in work with children and young people1973 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in work with children and young people Question 1 Case Study 1 1 Who is being discriminated against? The whole family is being discriminated against. 2 What kind of discrimination is taking place? Racial discrimination. 3 How might the child experiencing the discrimination feel? Dominic might be feeling excluded, lonely, confused and have low self esteem as he could feel that the children he sees attending the school have a higher status in society asRead MoreEquality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children and Young People1832 Words   |  8 PagesEquality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people 1.1 Areas of legislation are ever changing but it is important to be able to identify current and relevant aspects of those which promote equality and value diversity. Every Child Matters 2003 and Children Act 2004 These were put in place to ensure that all organisations and agencies invloved with children between birth and 19 years should work together to ensure that children have the support needed to be healthy, stay safeRead MorePromote Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children and Young People4585 Words   |  19 PagesUNIT 306 Promote equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people 1.1 Identify the current legislation and codes of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity. When working in a school it is important that staff is aware of the ever changing legislation, especially the aspects related to promoting equality and valuing diversity. We need to be able to identify their relevance in school and that we are aware of them when carrying out ourRead MoreTda 2.4 Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children and Young People1458 Words   |  6 PagesTDA 2.4 : Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people The current legislative framework protecting the equal rights of all children and young people are stated in the United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). These rights are extensive, including the right to education and the right for children and young people to have their views respected. The Children Act 1989 sets out the duty of local authorities to provide services according to the needsRead MoreTda 2.4 Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children and Young People.3124 Words   |  13 PagesTDA 2.4 Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people. In this essay i will be discussing equality amongst children, inclusion, inclusiveness and diversity and how to put these things mentioned into practise when working with children and young people. 1, Understand the importance of promoting equality and diversity in work with children and young people. 1.1 Identify the current legislation and codes of practise relevant to the promotion of equality and valuingRead MoreTda 2.4 - Equality, Diversity Inclusion in Work with Children and Young People2579 Words   |  11 PagesTDA 2.4 - Equality, Inclusion amp; Diversity In Work With Children and Young People. | Kerri Cook | | Contents Section One: Page 4 Legislation, participation, equal access and valuing and promoting cultural diversity. Section Two: Page 8 Prejudice amp; Discrimination and own attitudes, values and opinions. section three: Page 13 group inclusion Contents Page 4 - Section One Page 5 - 1.1 - Identify the current legislation and codes of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuingRead MoreTDA 3.6 Promote Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people5854 Words   |  24 PagesSTL 3.6 Equality, Diversity and Inclusion 1.1 Identify the current legislation and codes of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity. There is various legislation and codes of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity in including: Human Rights Act 1998 – Gives further legal status to the standards on Human Rights that was set out in 1948 with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This highlighted the principle that all humans haveRead MoreUnit 204: Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children and Young People Assignment 1816 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 204: Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people Assignment 1 Within a school, equality, diversity and inclusion is very important. It is their duty to make sure all children have equal access to the curriculum. Whether they are a different race, culture, gender or have a special need or disability, it is important that they are supported and have a right to participate and be treated equal; this is known as inclusion. As part of this it is important that schools

Learning Objectives Free Essays

Unit 1 Learning Objectives for Course Content Topic: Reading/Listening Strategies 1. Identify which component of the Model of Strategic Learning Reading and Listening strategies fall under and why. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning Objectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Relate reading and listening strategies to the pillars of being a strategic learner. 3. Explain what is meant by reading/listening being a â€Å"constructive process. † 4. Discuss how the three components of constructed meaning — author, reader, and text — influence the reading process. Be able to give examples of each. 5. Summarize the results of research conducted about speed-reading as discussed in your student-reading packet. . Identify the purposes of pre-, during- and post-reading strategies. Be able to give examples of strategies from each category. Topic: Note taking Strategies 1. Identify which component of the Model of Strategic Learning note taking falls under and why. 2. Relate note-taking strategies to the pillars of being a strategic learner. 3. Explain the Cornell and SUNY methods of note taking. Discuss how using these methods of note taking help a student to be a more active learner. 4. Identify examples of pre-, during- and post-note taking str ategies. Also, explain the purpose of each of these categories of strategies. . Demonstrate awareness of which note taking strategies would be most appropriate given specific learning situations. 6. Describe the interaction between note taking and the components of the Model of Strategic Learning: skill, will, self-regulation and the academic environment. Topic: Attitude (ATT) 1. Identify which component of the Model of Strategic Learning Attitude falls under and why. 2. Relate Attitude to the pillars of being a strategic learner. 3. Define and give an example of a â€Å"useful† goal. 4. Discuss how each element of a useful goal can influence a person’s motivation to achieve the goal. . Discuss and give examples of goal conflict and goal commitment. 6. Discuss and give examples of goal ownership. 7. Define and describe the difference between enabling goals, short-term goals and long-term goals. 8. How are wishes and dreams different from goals? 9. Discuss how values an d beliefs influence our goals. 10. Discuss and give examples of the three types of goal orientations. Topic: Model of Strategic Learning 1. List and discuss the four components of the Model of Strategic Learning, and give examples of each. Explain how each of these components can contribute to academic success. 2. List and explain the 4 pillars (characteristics) of strategic learners. 3. Discuss why one should strive to be both effective and efficient in learning. 4. Describe the purpose of the Model of Strategic Learning. 5. Discuss and give an example of how the Model of Strategic Learning is interactive 6. Explain which components of the Model of Strategic Learning are or are not generally under the learner’s direct control. Topic: Information Processing (INP) 1. Identify which component of the Model of Strategic Learning Information Processing falls under and why. 2. Relate Information Processing to the pillars of being a strategic learner. . Discuss and give examples of how learning is an active process. 4. Discuss and give examples of the three categories of knowledge acquisition strategies: rehearsal, elaboration and organization. Be able to determine which category of strategies is best suited for a given situation. 5. Discuss how memory works according to the memory continuum. How can we make information meaningful and get it into long-term memory? 6. Explain the difference between fluency and flexibility in terms of knowledge acquisition strategies. How is being fluent and flexible important for strategic learning? . Discuss the difference between â€Å"working hard† and â€Å"working smart. † How do these terms relate to strategic learning? 8. Discuss how your goals are related to selecting information processing strategies. Topic: Self-testing (SFT) 1. Identify which component of the Model of Strategic Learning Self-Testing falls under and why. 2. Relate Self-testing to the pillars of being a strategic learner. 3. Describe and give an example of the comprehension monitoring process loop. 4. Discuss what is meant by the term â€Å"triggering event† in relation to comprehension monitoring. 5. Explain the difference between unfamiliar information and unconfirmed expectations. 6. List and define the strategies used for dealing with unfamiliar information and unconfirmed expectations. 7. Discuss why the â€Å"illusion of knowing† can create problems for a student. Topic: Systematic Approach to Learning 1. Identify which component of the Model of Strategic Learning the Systematic Approach falls under and why. 2. Relate the Systematic Approach to Learning to the pillars of being a strategic learner. 3. Name and discuss the 8 steps of the Systematic Approach to Learning. Give examples of each step and discuss why each step is important (i. . , what would the consequences be if any one step was omitted). 4. Discuss the difference between formative and summative evaluation. 5. Discuss what a strategic learner should do when he/she discovers a plan is not working. Topic: 5 Types of Knowledge 1. Identify which component of the Model of Strategic Learning the 5 Types of Knowl edge falls under and why. 2. Relate the 5 Types of Knowledge to the pillars of being a strategic learner. 3. List, describe, and give an example of each of the Five Types of Knowledge. 4. Explain how each of the 5 Types of Knowledge can be useful when using the Systematic Approach. Topic: Motivation (MOT) 1. Identify which component of the Model of Strategic Learning Motivation falls under and why. 2. Relate Motivation to the pillars of being a strategic learner. 3. Describe and give an example of the two general categories of beliefs (self-sabotaging vs. enabling) one might experience and how these beliefs relate to motivation. 4. Describe and give an example of high and low self-efficacy. 5. List and discuss the three factors that influence self-efficacy and give examples of each. 6. List and discuss the factors that self-efficacy influences and give examples of each. 7. Discuss the difference between a) internal vs. external, and b) controllable vs. uncontrollable attributions. 8. Describe and give examples of the four types of attributions and how each relates to motivation. 9. Discuss how attributions interact with self-efficacy. What kinds of attributions are likely to lead to higher self-efficacy? 10. Discuss and give examples of how affect toward learning can enhance or interfere with the learning process. 11. Discuss the difference between internal and external motivation. 12. Describe and give an example of the difference between a student’s attitude and motivation. How to cite Learning Objectives, Essay examples

Effects of Abortion on the Father free essay sample

Abstract Abortion has been a controversial issue since its existence. When does life begin, is it a baby or a fetus, and who decides if the baby or fetus has any rights; these are questions and concerns that will remain controversial issues for years to come. Abortion has been around for a long time and it affects more than just women. However, in society today women are the only ones who decide if the baby or fetus will live or die. Does giving the expectant mother all of the rights in determining if her unborn child will live or die create a division within the family structure? Does it mean that she has more rights to the baby or fetus than the father? Abortion can have traumatic effects on the paternal (father) parent as well as the maternal (mother) parent; both may develop emotional distress and disorders, including Posttraumatic Stress, Post Abortion Stress, relationship, and sexual dysfunctions. Pre-abortion counseling can reduce apprehension and embrace a more positive experience regarding the abortion decision. In this paper I will attempt to address these concerns and look at the history of abortion, the abortion process, the effects of abortion, legalization of abortion in America, how abortion affects the father, and if pre-abortion counseling affects the abortion decision. OVERVIEW: The medical association has acknowledged that abortion can have traumatic effects on women (e. g. Post Abortion Syndrome); however men also can be affected by abortion. Women are given special considerations because they are the carrier of the unborn. Fathers are disregarded and overlooked as the seed or bloodline of life. Today, men have no legal rights, and are not given any consideration regarding the life or death for their unborn baby. The disregard and lack of concern about the traumatic effects abortion can have on the father is evident by the limited to nonexistent research available on this topic. Nonetheless, abortion has increased in America since its legalization in 1973 to an average of 3,700 a day, over 1. 3 million abortions a year  (Giratikanon,  2010). It appears that abortion has become an accepted form of birth control for many unwanted pregnancies. Females 25 years and younger have 50% of all abortions performed in the United States. Statistics show that they are not only young but also typically unmarried. Pregnant females are often in a crises situation and believe they have no other choice but to abort. Crises pregnancy centers can be instrumental in these situations; counselors are trained to provide the expectant mothers, vital information about her unborn child, and to present her with options. If a mother decides that she does not want to have her baby, she is shown feasible alternatives so she can make a knowledgeable and informed decision about the life inside of her. BACKGROUND: The shortened definition of abortion (n. d. , according to Merriam-Websters Medical Dictionary, an abortion is the eradication or death of a human embryo or fetus, the deliberate ending of a pregnancy. The History of Abortion Abortions or expulsions have been performed for thousands of years, usually as a luxury reserved for the wealthy. It is said that the first recorded abortion was by the Chinese between 500 515BC. Mercury w as injected into pregnant women to induce early labor symptoms, then they were given nearly fatal poisonous potions, after which a variety of instruments would be inserted into the uterus to cause the ejection of the fetus. An abortion (n. d. ), according to Online Etymology Dictionary, attempts to distinguish abortion from unintended miscarriages in the 19th century were; intentional or induced termination of the unborn infant between six weeks and up to six calendar months became known as an intentional miscarriage or abortion. The same six weeks through six calendar months, of premature labor became known as a miscarriage. The Abortion Process To understand the severity of what abortion, it is also important to understand what the accepted methods are to have an abortion. Many methods of abortions performed in the past; were not only brutal but also fatal, not only for the baby but also for the mother, especially before the introduction of penicillin. Since the legalization of abortion in 1973, not only have the number of abortions increased but also the types of abortions. Life, Family, and Culture News (2010) mentions some of the different types of abortions practiced primarily in the United States: Suction Suction is one of the most common methods of abortion used during the first trimester of pregnancy. A general or local anesthesia is administered and her cervix is dilated. A suction device is inserted into the cervix; this instrument separates the fetus and placenta tearing it into small pieces, and sucked through the tube into a bottle and discarded. Dilation and Curettage (D) This method also uses suction and a loop shaped knife, which goes into the cervix and cuts the fetus into pieces, the fetus is then scrapped out. Dilation and Evacuation (D) – What makes D different from the D method is instead of using a sharp instrument, forceps are used; not only to pull the baby out but also dismembers the baby as it is being removed. Prostaglandin Chemical Abortion This method is an injection of a mixture of drugs that cause severe contractions. The contractions will cause expulsion of any fetus; the baby may be come out dead or alive. Partial-Birth Abortion The five steps in this method according to Life, Family, and Culture News (2010), using ultrasound as a guide with forceps the abortionist grabs the babys legs and pulls the entire body out of the womb, except for the baby’s head, where scissors are then jammed into the babys skull. A suction catheter is inserted in the skull and then the scissors are removed. The suction causes the baby’s brains and skull to collapse, after which the baby is detached. RU-486 (also called Mifepristone) is a hormone shot that keeps the fetus in the wall of the uterus, the embryo dies because of a lack of progesterone. A few days later the doctor administers a shot of prostaglandin, to induce labor and the dead fetus is expelled. This method is given up to seven weeks after the first day of her menstrual period. The Effects of Abortion After an abortion, the American Psychiatric Association and the medical community has accepted and recognized that depression is one of the major symptoms in addition to; baby blues depression, posttraumatic stress syndrome, post abortion syndrome as well as many other mood disorders (e. g. psychosis). It also acknowledges that the loss of a child, whether from miscarriage or other types of loss, including abortion can bring on depression. Recognizing the emotional stress, pain and depression from the loss of a child from abortion is not only experienced by the mother but also by the father, has not been acknowledged by the medical society. The facts are certain types of depression usually results from a combination of hormonal factors, which are specific to women; therefore they are dismissed in men. According to Lubow (2010) it is known hormones can directly affect the brain chemical science that controls emotions. It is also known that females are higher in the line of depression at certain periods in their lives; during the onset of the change of life, after maternity, and during puberty. Lubow (2010) continues to maintain, adult females who show signs of depression during pregnancy are generally the women who will develop depression after giving birth. Depression after childbirth is called postpartum syndrome, caused by hormonal changes. According to Paulick and Gabriel (2007) while pregnant the hormones; progesterone and estrogen greatly increase, and within 24 hours after delivery, the hormones usually go back to normal. Many psychologists believe that these changes and alteration in endocrine to a large degree are the causes of depression after childbirth. Another variable that may have a large part of hormonal changes are the levels of thyroid fluctuation, which may also drop after giving birth. Low levels of thyroid hormones may bring on symptoms of depression. The Office on Women’s Health in the Department of Health and Human Services (2009) acknowledged after giving birth many women may experience symptoms of postpartum depression. The DSM-IV-TR (2000) 4th ed. , text rev. , mention women with postpartum major depressive episodes often have severe anxiety. Some of the symptoms include; disinterest in her infant, not able to bond, nurse or nurture her baby, afraid to be left alone with the baby. The DSM indicate that approximately 70% of adult females after giving birth within the first 10 days may be affected by ‘baby blues’, and it can develop into a postpartum major depressive episode. One in 500 to one in 1,000 women may have psychotic episodes, postpartum mood (major depressive, manic, or mixed). Abortion statistics according to â€Å"Facts on induced abortions in the United States†Ã‚  (2010) suggest that Postpartum Psychosis is rare; however it is another form of depression of which one to four, out of every 1,000 women may develop symptoms within the first two weeks after childbirth. Women previously diagnosed with; bipolar, schizoaffective or other mental disorders are at a higher risk of developing postpartum psychosis. Abortion statistics related to teenage pregnancy according to â€Å"U. S. teenage pregnancy rate drops for 10th straight year†Ã‚  (2010) revealed that teenage females between 15 and19 became pregnant, show a declined to 28% from 1990 to 2000, which the teenage pregnancy rate out of 1,000 women was at 116. 9%. This research included all races from all states; and suggested a decline in all categories. Research proposes that the declines in teenage maternity are attributed to declines in sexual activity and more effective contraceptives (table 1). While this data may show a decrease for teenage girls, the abortion facts according to â€Å"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report†Ã‚  (1997) show that abortions have increased in the United States to an estimated 40 million, since it became legalized in 1973, as indicated by the Center for Disease Control, this averages approximately more than 4,000 abortions in America every day. While there are many reasons women think they need an abortion, most believe that their reason justifies their actions (having an abortion). It has been said that â€Å"women kill their fetuses because they care† (Cannold, 2000, p. 35). Many situations and reasons women believe justify the need for an abortion are usually personal and based on her life situation at the time, and rarely ever involve or include the opinion of the father. The percentage breakdown of why women in the United States choose abortions according to Bankole, Singh, and Haas  (1998) are: 21. 3% not financially ready for a baby; 7. 9% already have children and do want more; 25. 5% not ready at the time of conception 10. 8% are involved in school or career; 14. % not in a secure relationship or significant other does not want a baby; 12. 2% believe they are too young; 3. 3% health risk for baby; 2. 8% is a health problem for mother; 2. 1% have other reasons. Legalization of Abortion in America The argument that it is our body and our decision has been an ongoing debate of women for many years. The women’s movement in America seemed to have been given extra momentum and an added cause with this issue. The fight for equality and the fight for birth control to be legal for all women (married and unmarried) seemed to happen during the same time. Even though it appeared that the two issues were intertwined into each other, in reality they were two totally different matters. In America women did not gain the right to vote, until August 18, 1920 when the 19th US Constitutional Amendment was ratified. Many cries and concerns for women’s rights came out of the need for women to be treated and respected like human beings in all matters. Treanor (2002) mentions that because of the social injustices during these times the womens movement began. Through involvement in these and other activities, adult females developed political power and revealed her need for political equality. The main focus of the Women’s Liberation Organization was on such issues as: sexism, racism, elitism, and violence. However, the matter of birth control became a matter of special interest for Margaret Sanger, who named the term ‘birth control’, and who also opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, making available contraceptives as; the pill, IUD, condom, and endorsing abortion as an alternative. According to Marcovitz (2007) after some degree of liberalization, there were some 600,000 abortions performed in the United States, in 1972. The year of the Roe v. Wade, in 1973 that amount multiplied to nearly 800,000, and by 1975 legal abortions executed in the United States reached well over a million a year. McCorvey and Meisler (1994) from Roe v. Wade, Norma McCorvey (i. e. , Roe) justified her belief to legalize abortion by saying, when she worked at an abortion clinic and was asked by patients, if she believed it was right for them to abort their baby, she would tell them that she sincerely believed it is a woman’s personal and private decision, which only she can make. McCorvey divulges her life story of despair and hopelessness, and how she became to be the Roe v. Wade person. Her story tells of a desperate woman who lived in a life of turmoil and pain, and who basically was searching for love. McCovey like many other women thought obtaining an abortion was the answer to make her problem disappear. It is amazing that despite how McCorvey became involved in the fight for women to choose abortion, as of 1995 Norma’s viewpoint changed, and today she is considered one of the biggest supporters of Pro-Life. It stands to mention that, while Norma McCorvey was instrumental in the Pro-choice movement, she never had an abortion. Roe v. Wade was instrumental in legalizing a womans right to terminate her maternity; it also began an era of judicial activism, which signaled a broader interpretation of the right to privacy. The Court upheld the decision that the fetus has no legal right of its own to claim protection. Dresser (2007) retrieved from the Hastings Report, the 1992 Planned Parenthood v. Casey decision, from the U. S. Supreme Court reaffirmed Roe v. Wade’s basic holdings that expectant women have a legitimate option to decide whether to terminate the fetus within a specified time in her pregnancy. Without this evidence the state can restrict abortions, if the reasons are other than to protect a woman’s life or health. Casey acknowledged the government’s lawful concern to endorse esteem for the life of the unborn, beginning with inception, yet substantiating limitations and boundaries on abortion limitation maybe become more complicated and expensive to acquire. While it is believed that the majority choose to deprive women of their independent right to choose. Justice Ginsberg said that the majority’s reasoning, under the fundamental law reflects antiquated thinking about what a woman’s place and identity are within the family unit. Cannold (2000) discusses a study in which she poses â€Å"ethical scenarios† to women, asking such questions as; would you still abort if your child could be adopted; what if you were offered a once in a life time offer, would you think it was morally okay to go ahead with the abortion. Cannold (2000) implies that women who had abortions were not flippant or selfish about making the choice to abort. Their many reasons were well thought out and their decision not to bring children into this world is this love and care. A serious obligation that they recognized, parenting is hard work. They believe their decision to abort was a conclusion not just best for themselves, but for their children in the future. In short, Cannold (2000) suggest that women who abort are not only making a moral choice but also a good moral choice. Another debate pro-choice and abortion supporters raise is; if abortion is banned, women would be forced once again obtain back alley abortions, suggesting that abortions prior to legalization were mostly dangerous and deadly. However, Calderone (1960) expresses that there are discrepancies to this perceptive as well; the Pro-Choice activist declared that the back alley abortions before becoming legal in 1973 resulted in thousands of women being butchered; however, the facts do not support this statement. Planned Parenthood’s medical director wrote in 1960; 90% of illegal abortions were being done by physicians. Calderone (1960) further suggest that most abortions were done by physicians, despite it being illegal, they secretly performed them anyway, and this is why the death rate was so low. Calderone (1960) also suggest the death rate from what is labeled ‘back alley abortion’ was mostly due to the absence of proper medication and before penicillin, and most deaths were due to infection. According to Calderone (1960) the number of deaths from abortion stabilized in the 1950s to an estimated 250 a year, after penicillin became available to help control infections. Calderone (1960) continues to say that while abortions were still illegal in America, the aid of proper medication reduced the death rate related to abortion to half. By 1972, the year before the Supreme Court legalized abortion, the reported numbers drastically drop to less than one woman per state died from abortion. Calderone (1960) insinuates fewer deaths from abortion, after legalization was attributed to the medical procedure became safer due to a more sterile environment and the use of proper medicine. Masse (2009) offers a different perspective, from a Pro-life point of view. Masse suggest that most women may have believed they are making the best decision possible at the point and time they chose abortion. However, internal conflict is often followed by this decision. Masse (2009) suggests that women have a mandate from God to be the carriers and givers of life, not the takers. When this God given mandate is broken, we violate this moral and sacred code and our lives begin to shatter. The feelings of dishonor and hurt are triggered by the sight of a newborn baby; it seems a constant reminder of the choice that was made. All the excuses and reasons made to justify the choice to abort, often does not vindicate or lessen the hurt, guilt, and shame. Very few women are proud of their decision to abort their baby. We cannot know the number of abortions performed before legalization because they were not reported, but the number of women who died after developing serious medical complications was reported by hospitals and doctors who assist them after the abortion was done. These records of deaths from illegal abortions are believed to be accurate and true for the protection of the hospitals and the doctors who assisted them. How Abortion Affects the Father Currently, only a limited amount of research and published studies on the effects abortion has on men, to date. Coyle, Coleman, and Rue (2010) suggest that many men who did not agree with their partners’ choice are left with to deal with emotional turmoil, without help. Depression rates for females who received therapeutic abortions were varying at 47% [98], 82% [9], and 50% [39]. Clinicians found that between males after an abortion, consistently exhibit symptoms of PTSD and broken heartedness. Another continual dispute is that the symptoms of depression cannot directly relate to men because men cannot experience child birth, or related hormonal changes. To date, it has not been acknowledged or recognized that men also grieve and experience severe depression behind the same loss of their baby as women. According to Coyle, Coleman, and Rue (2010) social scientists have given very little concern over the effects abortion has on men. Acknowledged grief, regret and depression among women who have had an abortion, but it is insensitive not to consider what these effects have on the father. Abortion can often accompany multiple effects for the father first, the loss of his child, increased stress on the relationship, feelings of helplessness, and guilt. It has been reported that men suffer from anxiety, find it difficult to stay focused, trouble sleeping, often complaining of severe headaches. Coyle (2008) finds the trauma of the abortion experience may be severe enough to cause traumatic stress and posttraumatic stress in female and male. Anger may be especially apparent among adult males who opposed the abortion conclusion and had no say in the prevention of the abortion. Coyle (2008) further suggest that some men project anger when, in fact they are experiencing emotions of intense grief and sadness. For those adult males, anger becomes a defending chemical mechanism in a sense used as a sedating mechanism to protect him from these painful emotions. Lubow (2010) implies, adult males and adult females react to depression very differently. Statistics show that two out of every 10, adult females, as adult males accommodate the criteria for depression. This may not mean that more adult females have depression than adult males. Lubow (2010) recognizes that a man’s definition of depression may be profoundly different from a woman’s, or the dictionary’s definition. Men, have a tendency to withhold their feelings and emotions and not express what they are thinking as openly as women. Therefore, it is often not reported as depression as it is with women. Men also have a harder time admitting it and seeking professional help, some think that acknowledging depression is a sign of weakness and defeat. However, they often mask their depression with alcohol, drugs, promiscuousness, or with aggressiveness, mood swings, ecoming introverted, and unhappy. Whether included in the decision to abort the baby or not, many men connect with their masculine identity, which is to protect and provide for their family, this connection may be damaged (consciously or not) when they fail to maintain those they love from trauma. Coyle (2008) expresses role uncertainty may come about if the adult male is not permi tted to act on these strong inherent aptitudes to defend and protect, when he judges himself to have failed as the defender and protector. Attempting to fulfill his responsibility as the provider and supporter to his partner, men will often believe allowing their emotions to show is a sign of weakness (not macho). Containing his emotions, repressing and not knowing how to express them, ultimately may end in an internal explosion resulting in many degrees of clinical depression, and a total breakdown on his perceived manhood. Attempts to appear strong by repressing his emotions, ironically can lead to unanswered hurt and heartache, and clinical depression. For most males, teenaged through early twenties, they believe sex is an act of accomplishment, not a form of mature responsible love making. They often see abortion as a form of birth control, or a female’s responsibility. It is not until manhood that the consequences of his actions begin to influence him. As he moves into adulthood, the realization that abortion was done out of selfishness and to solve an urgent problem, justifying their part in the decision not to have a baby. Today’s culture has endorsed the attitude that a boy isn’t a man, until he has had sex with as many females, as possible. According to  Radio Me Hang Cuu Giup  (2005), it is this accepted attitude of irresponsible adolescence behavior without any consequences that fosters this action of continual adultery and promiscuousness, as he moves into manhood and marriage. If we can understand what stimulates a man, we will then understand their response to abortion. Men are driven by five major factors: to protect, provide, pleasure, perform, and procreate (Radio Me Hang Cuu Giup,  2005). Pre-abortion Counseling Coyle (2008) further states that interactions with sufficient others may experience increased stress and anguish even when the adult male agreed with his partner to seek abortion. Sexual problems may emerge if intimacy becomes associated with hurting. When asked, if they would have liked to receive pre- and post abortion counseling, many men agreed it would have been helpful. The point of view that men should be silent, concerning abortion has raised much controversial criticism. Ponnuru (2006) conveys some Pro-choice women and men have expressed because men are not the carriers of the unborn, they should refrain from discussing any matters concerning abortion. However, Ponnuru ascertains to see the emptiness of this statement by remarking; it is necessary only to ask Pro-choice men if their attitudes toward abortion do not validate the substantial difference between adult males and adult females’ roles. Coyle, (2008) mentions that there has been very little importance placed on what effects abortion have on the father. At the time of his research, there were only 31 studies published, which were case studies, along with quantitative surveys with numerical data, and some clinical observations. Quantitative surveys with numerical data, qualitative studies along with in-depth inquiries to the interviewee, quantitative surveys with numerical data points, and qualitative studies along with in-depth inquiries to the interviewee (table #2). Williams (2005) implies that a father who has failed to keep his mate from choosing abortion, may often begin to believe that he failed his unborn child, and therefore was not a good father. If he did not voice his objection, he may think he is unworthy of a choice or being able to protect his child. Myburgh, Gmeiner, and van Wyk  (2001) mention a survey performed in the ‘80s in which 1,000 adult males escorted their companions to the abortion clinic; however 511 of them believed because it is a female’s right to have an abortion that as a male there is no legal power to object. These men responded that they are powerless over any decision related to the termination of the pregnancy, and therefore do not want to be accountable. It has become acceptable within our society that child rearing and nurturing is solely a mother’s responsibility often leaving the father out of the process. The fact remains that â€Å"abortion is a death experience and, once chosen, it cannot be undone (Coyle, 2007). † Little research has been done to include pre-abortion counseling for men and women, the effects the abortion decision has on the relationship structure of the family unit. Many think that if the father is included in the decision then it will have a positive effect on the family relationship. The woman would not have the burden of making such a traumatic decision all on her own; the father will cope with some of the responsibility as well. One of the major problems with this concept is the absence of places that offer pre-abortion counseling. Coyle et al. (2010) suggests the shortage in counseling for adult females also reflects the scarce to nonexistent pre and post abortion counseling for adult males that can directly or indirectly relate to psychological trauma or predicted post abortion relationship problems. Further research may be manipulated and influenced by religious beliefs, mental health concerns, and social viewpoints on abortion, abortions statistics, and certain uniqueness regarding the abortion conclusion. Methods Participants Consist of 150 women and 150 men; age range is from 16 to 45 age average of 30. 5 years for male and female. People are recruited from clinics, centers and organizations offering post-abortion counseling services. Participants were offered to be a part of a survey, if agreed to be a part of the survey, instructions are given on how to use online website. Materials Subjects were given an entirely web-based survey; embedded within the survey was the PCL-C, which was used to measured psychosomatic stress was, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist- Civilian version. To evaluate stimulation, encroachment, and evasion and the gravity of the symptoms, the PCL-C was used, which consist of 17 items. High stress was measured using the Likert 5-point scale to establish validity and reliability (97). The response format was determined by the respondent fulfillment of criteria for PTSD and from the PCL-C scores. The criterions were: how many experiences more than one, is it a repeating experience, more than three experiences and more than two experiences of hyper-arousal. Study information based on Coyle et al. (2010). Procedure Participants had a one year deadline to submit all information and data to an online specified website. Demographics from the survey included questions related to: abortion history, reasons for abortion decision, religious beliefs, sociodemographics, competence of perceived pre-abortion counseling, feelings of abortion decision, post-abortion relationship attachment with companion, mental health status irregular, indications of post-abortion distress, anger, sexual problems, abortion stress related. Measures Participants’ perspective of the competence and satisfaction of the services received by the agencies were measured by specific single questions with â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† responses. Some questions were: how satisfactory were the counseling services you received at the abortion clinic, did you and your partner agree to the abortion, were you and your partner given an ultrasound before abortion decision was made. Relationship potency was measured to determine the strength and stability in the relationship (including sexual problems) with their partner to help ascertain if their choice to abort attributed to post abortion anger within their relationship. Results Abortion can have traumatic effects on the paternal parent as well as the maternal; both may develop emotional distress and disorders, including Posttraumatic Stress, Post Abortion Stress, relationship, and sexual dysfunctions. Pre-abortion counseling can lessen apprehension and encompass a more positive experience regarding the abortion decision. Statistics confirm abortion has increased enormously in America, after becoming legal. Studies also consistently confirm that the abortion experience substantiate an increase in emotional disorders in women and men. Coleman (2008) introduced a study that showed adult females, experienced abortions at a 17% higher rate of mental disorders and an increase of 167% in bipolar disorder and 44% in panic attacks. The study also showed a high percent of women (79. 8%) and a high percent of men (77. 1%) describe the abortion experience as extreme, on the scale of one to 10 (10 being extreme) most stressful, devastating, and emotionally disturbing experience of their lives. Discussion The purpose of this study was to explore abortion and how it affects men as well as women and to explore the effects pre-abortion counseling may have on the abortion decision. Research substantiation, whether the decision to abort the baby without the fathers knowledge, or with his involvement, results end in greater relational problems; significantly increased emotional stress, feelings of inadequacy, in which the consequence repeatedly end with the dissolution of the family unit. Coyle et al. (2010) suggest that the differences may be influenced by both biological science and culture, reflective of socio-cultural expectations; these differences may have a biological basis. A significant association with depression for both men and women; however, the recognition and treatment for depression for PAS and PTSD is mainly diagnosis for women and not men. With the steady rise in abortions performed, it mandates the need for more pre- and post- abortion counseling. According to Coyle et al. (2010) currently there are no approved regulated standards for pre-abortion counseling, Coyle, revealed that 95% of adult females surveyed, said they would want to be educated about all consequences prior to agreeing to an abortion. Pre-abortion counseling for women is not mandated and hard-to-find, and practically nonexistent for men. Given the trepidation of the abortion conclusion, and the nature of a crisis maternity, adult males and females would benefit from more counseling than what is currently available. Between couples, the abortion decision reveals high disparity rates. The high disparity rate reported between partners about the abortion decision, shown in both men and women for posttraumatic stress disorder, meet the standards and hyper-arousal symptoms; sexual problems, and abortion related anger and relationship concerns. Limitations of the study are due to the small sample size and limited research information available, related to how abortion affects abortion men. The participants in this study represent a self chosen sample. The population at large cannot be generalized. Coyle (2008) reported that there are severe restrictions in this type of research, not only due to small sample sizes but also most appraised mens responses too soon after abortion to ascertain long-term personal affects. Surgical nd induction procedures are the highest procedure performed in the United States. The proportion of adult males and females who represent serious health concerns related to abortion continue to grow. The lack of research regarding the effects abortion have on the mother and father maybe influenced by political, financial, and medical bias, favoring pro-choice  positions that do not acknowledge the negative effects of abortion, nor acknowledge that abortion is a multimillion dollar industry in the Unite d States. Continued and additional research is recommended and essential to establish a protocol for evidence based-care, mandatory pre-counseling, and to determine the effects of induced abortion on adult females and adult males. The Central Illinois Right to Life  (n. d. ) website  reports that 95% of abortions are performed not due to rape, or threat to a mother’s life but primarily as a means of birth control. Statistics show only 1% is from birth deformity, and rape and 3% are because of a health risk. While it is recognized during pregnancy the baby is constantly growing and developing its own distinguished genetic individuality, it therefore seems inhuman not to acknowledge that this is the beginning of human life, developing the only way it can, inside its’ mother. With the increased knowledge of genetic influences taken from both parents, it is also apparent that abortion is not a woman’s issue alone, it took a father and a mother to consummate a child, and all decisions regarding that child should include both parents. References abortion. (n. d. ). In Merriam-Websters Medical Dictionary. Retrieved from http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/abortion abortion. (n. d. ). In Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved from http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/abortion American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed. , text rev. ). Washington, DC: Author. Bankole, A. , Singh, S. , Haas, T. (1998). Reasons Why Women Have Induced Abortions: Evidence from 27 Countries. International Family Planning Perspectives, 24(3), 117-127 152. Calderone, M. (1960). Illegal abortion as a public health problem. American Journal of Public Health, 50(7), 949. Cannold, L. (2000). The abortion myth: Feminism, morality, and the hard choices women make. Handover, NH: Wesleyan University Press. Central Illinois Right to Life. (n. d. ). Do You Know The Hard Facts About Abortion In America?. Retrieved from http://www. cirtl. org/abfacts. htm#prolife Coleman, P. K. (2008). Induced abortion and anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders: Isolating the affects of abortion in the national comorbidity survey. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 10(009), doi:10. 1016/jpsychires. 2008. 10. 009, 2008. Coleman, P. K. (2006). Women’s preferences for information and complication seriousness ratings related to elective medical procedures. Journal of Medical Ethics, 32, 435-438. Coyle, C. T. (2007). Men and abortion: A review of empirical reports. Internet Journal of Mental Health, 3, 1531-2941. Coyle, C. T. (2008). Men and abortion: Psychological effects. Men and Abortion Network, Retrieved from menandabortion. net/MAN/research/index. html Coyle, C. T. , Coleman, P. K. , Rue, V. M. (2010). Perceptions of preabortion counseling inadequacy and decision disagreement as predictors of subsequent relationship problems and psychological stress in men and women. Association for Interdisciplinary Research in Values and Social Change, 22(1), 1-8. Dresser, R. (2007). Protecting women from their abortion choices. The Hastings Report, 37(6), 13-14. Retrieved  from  http://www. thehastingscenter. org/Publications/HCR/Detail. aspx? id=630 Facts on induced abortions in the United States. (2010). The Guttmacher Institute, Retrieved  from  http://www. guttmacher. org/pubs/fb_induced_abortion. html Giratikanon, T. (2010). Are there really 3,700 abortions each day in the U. S.?. North by Northwestern. Retrieved  from  http://www. northbynorthwestern. om/2007/01/1516/are-there-really-3700-abortions-each-day-in-the-us/ Life, Family and Culture News (2010). Abortion methods. Retrieved from http://www. lifesitenews. com/abortiontypes/ Lubow, C. W. (2010). Depression FAQ. Retrieved from http://www. womenspsychotherapy. com/DepressionFAQ. html Marcovitz, H. (2007). Abortion: Gallup major trends events. Stockton, NJ: Mason Crest Publishers. Masse, S. (2009). Her choice to heal. Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook. McCorvey, N. , Meisler, A. (1994). I am Roe: My life, Roe v. Wade, and freedom of choice. New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. (1997). Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, 45(51 52). Myburgh, M. , Gmeiner, A. , van Wyk, S. (2001). The experience of biological fathers of their partners’ termination of pregnancy. Health SA Gesondheid, 6(1), 28-37. Office on Womens Health in the Department of Health and Human Services. (2009). Depression during and after pregnancy. Retrieved from http://www. womenshealth. gov/faq/depression-pregnancy. cfm Paulick, F. , Gabriel, C. (2007). Postpartum depression in men. Growing Together Life Learning Center. Retrieved from http://www. togrow. org/aboutus. html Ponnuru, R. (2006). The Party of death: The democrats, the media, the courts, and the disregard for human life. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing Inc. Radio Me Hang Cuu Giup. (2005). My life was changed forever. Retrieved from http://www. mehangcuugiup. org/html/QuestionOfTheDay/HowAbortionAffectsGuys. htm Treanor, N. (2002). The Feminist movement. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. U. S. teenage pregnancy rate drops for 10th straight year. (2010). The Alan Guttmacher Institute. Retrieved  from  http://www. guttmacher. org/sections/index. php? page=reports Williams, W. L. (2005). What is fatherhood lost?. Boulder, CO: Fathers and Brothers Ministries. Table 1) The chart below by Guttmacher Institute (2006) shows the number of abortions per 1,000 women aged 15-44, from 1973 through 2005: Facts on induced abortions in the United States. (2010). The Guttmacher Institute. Retrieved  from  http://www. guttmacher. org/pubs/fb_induced_abortion. html (Table 2) Pages 27-32 Summary Tables of 31 studies conc erning the Psychological Effects of Abortion on Men. Compiled 2006 and updated 2008 by C. T. Coyle, RN, PhD. Coyle, C. T. (2008). Men and abortion: Psychological effects. Men and Abortion Network, Retrieved from menandabortion. net/MAN/research/index. html

Practical Reason free essay sample

Compares authors views on practical reason, ethical action, categorical imperative, subjective vs. objective perceptions, the good life. TheView from Nowhere, ( Thomas Nagel ) Ethics the Limits of Philosophy (Bernard Williams ) The purpose of this research is to examine the notion of practical reason as treated by Thomas Nagel in The View from Nowhere and by Bernard Williams in Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy. The plan of the research will be to set forth the assumptions and evidence informing Williamss assertion that practical thought (reason) is radically first-personal, as against Nagels belief that practical reason can be understood and even engaged in by the objective self, and then to discuss the extent of meaning and significance of each position from the standpoint of critical inquiry. The meaning of Williamss assertion needs to be examined with reference to a working definition of practical thought. That term can be compared with the term practical reason, which is associated with the commentaries of Kant. We will write a custom essay sample on Practical Reason or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Indeed, Williams

Free Essays on When Feeling Bad Is Good

When Feeling Bad is Good by: Ellen McGrath, Ph. D. McGrath starts off by explaining some of the depression she went through in her life. She goes over how she would gorge on sweets and sugar and how she felt lonely because she let her negative aspects control the best of her. She then starts to explain that certain types of depression are healthy because they are a part of life. She states that depression is just a state of being, and that any state of being can be changed. Another form of depression she goes over is inherited depression. This is a type of depression that people get when they receive negative aspects from other people in their immediate family. For example if someone’s parents are broke or sick to the point they can’t take care of themselves anymore, it will transfer to the child because they will become responsible for their well being and feel guilty if thy can not provide for their parents. She then turns her focus on certain types of depression that everyone feels. Victimization depression is when you feel like you are being taken advantage of and you need to stop it. Relationship depression when you think a bad relationship may be caused by you. Age rage depression is when you feel depressed because you are not old enough to be granted responsibilities or privileges. Depletion depression is when you feel drained to the point that you have nothing left to offer. Body image depression is simply not feeling good about your physical appearance. Finally mind-body depression is when you feel bad on the inside and out. She finishes by saying that depression isn’t just an illness, granted some cases truly are, but merely a part of life that needs to be dealt with. She says that not everyone understands how to deal with these types of feelings which is how some people just become more depressed rather than becoming better. Her book helps people become more aware of how to deal with these facts of life. Personal... Free Essays on When Feeling Bad Is Good Free Essays on When Feeling Bad Is Good When Feeling Bad is Good by: Ellen McGrath, Ph. D. McGrath starts off by explaining some of the depression she went through in her life. She goes over how she would gorge on sweets and sugar and how she felt lonely because she let her negative aspects control the best of her. She then starts to explain that certain types of depression are healthy because they are a part of life. She states that depression is just a state of being, and that any state of being can be changed. Another form of depression she goes over is inherited depression. This is a type of depression that people get when they receive negative aspects from other people in their immediate family. For example if someone’s parents are broke or sick to the point they can’t take care of themselves anymore, it will transfer to the child because they will become responsible for their well being and feel guilty if thy can not provide for their parents. She then turns her focus on certain types of depression that everyone feels. Victimization depression is when you feel like you are being taken advantage of and you need to stop it. Relationship depression when you think a bad relationship may be caused by you. Age rage depression is when you feel depressed because you are not old enough to be granted responsibilities or privileges. Depletion depression is when you feel drained to the point that you have nothing left to offer. Body image depression is simply not feeling good about your physical appearance. Finally mind-body depression is when you feel bad on the inside and out. She finishes by saying that depression isn’t just an illness, granted some cases truly are, but merely a part of life that needs to be dealt with. She says that not everyone understands how to deal with these types of feelings which is how some people just become more depressed rather than becoming better. Her book helps people become more aware of how to deal with these facts of life. Personal...

How the Goddess Athena Helped Hercules

How the Goddess Athena Helped Hercules Youve likely heard a number of references to the goddess Athena and her beauty, but her role as a protector of Hercules hasnt received as much attention. This Greek goddess of wisdom (born fully grown and armed, from the head of her father, Zeus) was also a warrior goddess. Strong and virginal, she repeatedly helped Hercules, the Greek mythological hero. The semi-divine  Hercules, the son of Zeus and a mortal woman, earned a name for himself by defeating fantastic beasts and making repeated trips to the Underworld. However, he also went mad, largely due to the wicked ways of his stepmother, Hera, whod tried to kill him since he  was a baby. Fearful that Hera would succeed at killing Hercules, Zeus sent Hercules to Earth and allowed a mortal family to raise him. Although his new family loved him, Hercules divine strength prevented him from fitting in with mortals, so Zeus eventually revealed his origins to him. To achieve immortality, like his father and other gods, Hercules performed the 12 labors for his cousin King Eurystheus, who, like Hera, hated Hercules. But Eurystheus and Hera hoped Hercules would die in the process. Fortunately, Athena, Hercules half-sister, came to his aid. The 12 Labors of Hercules Which Herculean tasks did Eurystheus and Hera want the demigod to complete? The entire list of 12 labors is below: The Nemean LionThe Lernaean HydraThe Wild Boar of ErymanthusThe Stag of ArtemisThe Augean StablesThe Stymphalian BirdsThe Cretan BullThe Girdle of HippolytaThe Cattle of GeryonThe Mares of King DiomedesThe Golden Apples of the HesperidesCerberus and Hades How Athena Helped Hercules During  the 12 Labors Athena helped Hercules during labors 6, 11, and 12.  To scare off the enormous flock of birds at a lake by the town of Stymphalos during Labor No. 6, Athena gave Hercules noisemaking clappers, known as  krotala. During Labor No. 11, Athena may have helped Hercules to  hold up the world when the titan Atlas went to fetch the apples of the Hesperides for him. While Atlas was off getting the apples, Hercules agreed to lift up the world, a task that the titan normally performed. After Hercules brought the apples to his taskmaster Eurystheus to complete this labor, they had to be returned, so Athena took them back. Finally, Athena may have escorted Hercules and Cerberus out of the Underworld during Labor No. 12.  Specifically, she helped  Hercules in his madness, preventing him  from killing more people than he already had. After tragically killing  his own  children when madness overtook him, Hercules was about to kill Amphitryon, but  Athena knocked him out. This stopped him from murdering his mortal father. So while Athena has been heralded for her beauty, her efforts with Hercules reveal how much of a warrior she was.

An exploration of the relationship between learning organisations and Essay

An exploration of the relationship between learning organisations and the retention of knowledge workers - Essay Example The new economy has been defined as one which is technology based. In the new economy, knowledge workers are the most important employees for any organization because they facilitate the creation of knowledge which is critical for maintaining the competitive advantage. Therefore the findings from the paper would enable managers in the new economy to manage turnover intent so that an organization can create a long-term strategic advantage by creating human capital. The importance of knowledge management can be seen in the case of Starbucks, the leading brand in the specialty coffee industry (Pearlson & Saunders, 2008, pp. 56-60). The company has implemented the web 2.0 technology which has enhanced cooperation between employees throughout the organization. Web 2.0 facilitates knowledge management by enabling employees to collaborate online through information sharing. As a result the employees are able to participate in the decision-making process. This increases job satisfaction and decreases turnover intention. The company maintains a continuous process of innovation which is guided by knowledge management. For this reason HR managers have to formulate strategies aimed at motivating knowledge workers who can make the innovation process effective. The managers at Starbucks can apply the findings from the present journal.

All American Poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

All American Poem - Essay Example It uncovers the profundity of Dickmans ethical creative ability and demands his dedication to creating his different voice and topical reach. Mayakovskys Revolver is that uncommon work that lays bear how verse battles both with life and with itself. When all is said in done Dickman is an extraordinary kind of artist, the sort to start in his followers an interest for the creator himself. One may muse on how a discussion with Yeats may go, or wish to send Robert Lowell some lively blessing via mail, yet what might one tribute for an evening of strolling with Whitman, simply listening to him bring up out, or to light both closures of ones flame with Edna St. Vincent Millay? Dickmans ballads appear to handle you by the wrist, or around the waist and aide you to a vantage point where the world looks somewhat more confident. This is particularly valid for his first book, All-American Poem, which overflows over with satisfaction, with quality, and dissatisfaction of all assortment. It is the sort of book you require your companions to peruse. Here is a selection from one of the sonnets of that gathering, "Moderate Dance," which picked up right on time consideration, along these lines numerous solicitations at readings that Dickman once clowned it was in hazard of turning into his "Free Bird": One could continue endlessly like this. What fun there is in Dickman! What inconvenience and hopelessness! There is sufficient sex and amusingness and excellence in these pages to make one swell with the rapture of presence. Yet, however characteristic the appeal of Dickmans work, his ballads are anything other than gullible. His simple style may appear to think again at history with close to a detached look, however this insouciance is won through cautious study: one of Dickmans enchantment traps is pulling off the posture of footloose novice while at the same time participating in an expert dialog with the wonderful convention. In fact, Dickmans engagement with his

Autobiographical Essay Essay Example for Free

Autobiographical Essay Essay My first encounter with fear to a high extent was when I was six years old. I was riding in the car with my mom who was under the influence of alcohol. The fear that rushed through my veins made me think that something as horrible as death could happen. My older brother and younger sister were both in the car. We then pulled into the parking lot of a liquor store. My heart sank to know that my mom was consuming more alcohol to make her blood alcohol level rise. My mom stepped out of the car into the cover of darkness and walked into the store to purchase a fifth of whiskey. When she walked out of the store, I thought to myself that something really bad was going to happen that night. When my mom returned to the car, I looked deep into her eyes and asked her, â€Å"Can you please take us home before anything bad happens?† She looked at me and said, while slurring her words, â€Å"Everything is going to be okay.† I knew that everything was not going to be okay. My mom then started the car, reversed, and drove out of the parking lot of the liquor store to run over the island in the middle of the road. The car tilted from side to side and back onto the smooth road to safety. As I looked out of the window of my door with water filling my eyes, I blurrily saw cops drive past us as though we were invisible. Every part of me wanted to spring out of my car door and bring attention to the danger that was in the atmosphere. Every time a chance came, I let it slip by because I was afraid that my mom would scream at me. All I wanted to do was fall asleep and wake up in my comfy bed at home, but I knew that was impossible. We had been driving for what felt like an hour but it was only five minutes. After I blinked the water from my eyes, I realized that we were in the parking lot of Papa Murphy’s. My mom sent my older brother in to go and get the pizza that she had ordered earlier that afternoon. When he returned my mom got off the car and walked over to a group of guys standing outside of a bar and started hitting on them making a complete fool of her. As I watched those guys scan her body, disgust over took my body. As soon as her door clicked shut, I unbuckled my seatbelt, grabbed to fifth of whiskey out of the cup holder, opened my door, and through the bottle at a nearby tree. The glass bottle shattered into tiny pieces onto the grass around the tree. The relief that rushed through my body gave me hope and actually made me believe that  everything was going to be okay. After my mom finally got back into the car, she looked back at me and my sister in the back seat and said, â€Å"I’m taking you home to eat dinner with your dad now.† When those words came out of her mouth, I was filled with joy. When we finally pulled into our driveway, I unfastened my seatbelt in a flash and bolted into the house, turned the oven on, and ran into my dad’s loving arms as tears ran down my face. The comfort and loving care I felt as my dad wrapped his arms around me, made me know that I was safe. My dad then looked down at me and said with a serious look on his face, â€Å"I’m going to go and talk to your mom and see what she wants to do.† When he closed the slider door behind him, I heard my mom raise her voice in a way that made you think someone was dying. I ran to the slider door to see what was happening. The look on my dad’s face brought tears to my eyes. He was so sickened to see my mom drown herself in alcohol. My mom through her hands into the air, got back into her car, and drove away angrily. My dad then came up the steps of our deck as though he just found out that he had only a week to live. When he finally reached the door, he looked up to see the dry tear marks down my face, opened the door, and embraced me. We then walked into our living room to see my brother and sister watching Sponge Bob, we joined them. My dad then slowly walked into the kitchen to place the pizza in the oven. After about twenty minutes, we all sat down together and had dinner. Soon after, my dad looked at us three kids and said with a smile, â€Å"I have a surprise for you guys!† I looked at my siblings and saw life come into their eyes. My dad then went into the other room and came back out with an enormous bag of candy. As soon as he placed the bag on the table, we kids dog piled that bag of candy like it was the last supply of food on the earth. After we were all satisfied with candy sticking to our faces, we all went into the living room to watch a movie. I sat next to my dad while my siblings sat right in front of the 60 inch television. After, I finally fell asleep in my dad’s arms watching Popeye, I felt secure and safe. The next morning, I woke up to my dad saying to me, â€Å"Your mom got a DUI last night and she has to spend some time in jail.† When I heard that, I immediately thought that maybe my mom had either caused an accident or possibly even killed someone. We then immediately left the house to see if we could go and bail my mom out. We  couldn’t. She had to spend 4 days in jail. Those 4 days were the longest days ever. I loved my mom so much but I hated her when she was under the influence. Losing emotional connection from my mom was a hard thing to go through. I was a â€Å"daddy’s girl† so, my mom just always thought that my dad had to only be there for me. Even when they divorced she was never there for me emotionally. Ever since that day we’ve never emotionally connected. She confessed to me that she had to shut me out because I reminded her of my dad. Aside from all the chaos, I learned a very important lesson; never drink and drive. Experiencing this moment, made me know that alcohol affects everyone; the devout Christian, the highest paid employee, the people who swore they would never drink, and even the Lindsay Lohan’s. I knew from that moment on that if I even dared to drink alcohol, I would not do it front of my children or drive. Ten years after this encounter, my mom has lived her life as a recovered addict from alcohol. She saw how her drinking effected everyone she loved; her kids, husband, mom, dad, nieces, nephews, etc. From that moment on, my mom decided that she wouldn’t use alcohol as a numbing device to the pain. She hasn’t even touched the smallest bit of alcohol since. I am proud of her and am happy to see her live her life in freedom instead of bondage. That day made me know that I didn’t want to be seen by my kids, drinking and driving. I believe this moment was put in my life just so that I would now not to make the mistakes that my mom made and actually live my life in peace.

The Colector Crimes vs. Drug Crimes :: essays research papers

Various crimes have select penalties in which they are accompanied with. As a part of the American way, fairness and justice is the prime concern in the court of law. However, some specific crimes do not seem to fit the punishment. Although these serious offenses are in fact crimes, their penalties coincide with unlawful acts that effect more people, and therefore should not be of the same punishment. Examples of these unequal ratios are the comparisons between murder and kidnaping laws to those of drug crimes. These offenses are indeed actions that effect more than one person in a negative way. The victims, along with their families and friends, are impacted dramatically when a person is lost, missing, or even dead. These effects last long after justice is served. But how well is this justice served? Are murderers on the same levels of drug offenders? First degree murder is the most heinous crime with the harshest penalties in the American judicial system. No other offense will allow the same punishments to convicts, which honestly makes perfect sense. However, second degree murder calls for up to a $25,000 fine and/or four to twenty years in prison, (Rockton site). This crime, voluntary manslaughter, is the deliberate and intentional murder of a person. Along with this crimeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s penalty, there is an equal punishment if the act was drug related. For possessing fifteen grams of cocaine without intent to sell, an offender will be exposed to the same consequences as if they would have shot and killed a young woman in the middle of a crowded building, (Hoffman Estates site). Possession of that amount of cocaine is indeed an offense, but does it equal the loss of a life? If this criminal was selling this amount, the charge should be higher since more people are affected. For example, it would be suicide if one were to ov erdose on the amount of cocaine, but if an overdose was a result of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sales, than this action would be dubbed involuntary manslaughter, or the unintentional act leading to a death. However, this consequence is only of possession, not supplying to another person who could harm themselves. Another example of these extreme penalties is the common link between kidnaping and possession of methamphetamine. Possession of five grams of methamphetamine with intent to sell is obviously a disgusting way of life, but so is the abduction of a person.

State-of-the-Art Et Application Practices

?HI EMAS State-of-the-art ET Application practices * Looking through progressive state policies that support technology-in-education, and other new developments in pedagogical practice, our educators today have become more aware and active in adopting state-of-the-art educational technology practices they can possibly adopt. Introduction * Educators have become more aware and active in adopting state-of-the-art educational technology practices they can possibly adopt today. Computer Literacy and Competence – Don’t invest in technology hardware/system that may become a white elephant in a few years More recent ET in education practice * It is now accepted that the contribution of the computer to pedagogy makes up for â€Å"good instruction. † * Teachers must therefore acquire or improve on their computer skills, as well as their â€Å"computers-in-the-classroom† skills. Trends that should be recognized by educators * Through school or training center comput er courses, students have become computer literate.Teachers have deemphasized rote learning and have spent more time in methods to allow students to comprehend/internalize lessons. * Students assessment/examinations have included measurement of higher learning outcomes such as creative thinking skills. * Recent teaching-learning models (such as constructivism and social constructivism) have paved for instructional approaches in which students rely less on teachers as information-givers, and instead more on their efforts to acquire information, build their own knowledge, and solve problems. These trends and new levels of learning require the appropriate use of state-of-the-art instruction and the use of IT, tapping the computer’s information and communication tools (such as word processors, databases, spreadsheets, presentation software, e-mail, Internet conferencing, etc. ) Obstacles to IT pedagogical practice * Use of the computer is time-consuming and expensive. The fear th at computers may soon replace teachers. * Ensure that the use of ET is fitted to learning objectives. * Teachers should acquire computer skills, serving as models in integrating technology in the teaching-learning process. Fostering a student-centered learning environment * Virtue is in moderation and so, there is truly a need for teachers to balance their time to the preparation and application of instructional tools. Through wise technical advice, schools can also acquire the most appropriate computer hardware and software. At the same time, training should ensure that the use of ET is fitted to learning objectives. In addition, teachers should acquire computer skills for so that they can serve as models in integrating educational technology in the teaching-learning process.SYSTEMATIC INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING PROCESS * All these suggestions show that teachers and schools can no longer avoid the integration of educational technology in instruction. Especially in the coming years, whe n portable and mobile computing will make computing activities easier to perform, the approaches to classroom pedagogy must change. And with continuing changes in high-speed communication, mass storage of data, including the revolutionary changes among school libraries, educators should be open for more drastic educational changes in the years ahead.

Disaster management approaches for libraries in India

Abstraction The present paper highlights the catastrophe and its direction in general and in libraries in electronic age. The paper besides suggested the direction methods of catastrophe in libraries. Libraries are the keeper of our history, civilization and civilisation. They are maintaining the heritage of the state in safe for last 1000s of old ages. The precaution against catastrophe for the libraries is really of import. Safeguard should be in such planned ways that save the resources of library without any harm. In India libraries are non concentrating on catastrophe direction due to unawareness and dearth of financess. Libraries and reputed Information Centres should organize plan on catastrophe direction in libraries. There should be developing and workshop plan for library forces every bit good as for library users. Library and pull offing authorization should do necessary agreement for the effectual plan of catastrophe direction in libraries. Disaster direction plan should be implement ed from the initial phase ( from the building of edifice for any administration ) . Key-Words:Catastrophe, Disaster Management, Natural Disaster, Man-Made Disaster, Disaster Management – Libraries, Artificial Disaster 1. Introduction: Now libraries of India transforming themselves from traditional library to modern library or we may state automated, electronic, digital, practical or intercrossed libraries. With the development of engineering alterations, the development of hardship besides increased. Adversity or catastrophe may be natural an artificial besides. Disaster and its direction ( Disaster Management ) now becomes the firing subject in many field due to natural catastrophe as cyclone, twister, temblor, fire due to heavy rain, H2O inundation etc. and unreal catastrophe as power grid failure, web failure, fire, waiter fail, short -circuit etc. In libraries, governments and libraries are non giving their attending for direction of any sort of catastrophe. In India except some progress libraries, most of libraries have no prearrangement for catastrophe. Libraries have our history. Civilization and civilization in books and in electronic signifier, if any catastrophe occurred they will lose valuable history, Civilization and civilization. 2. Catastrophe Catastrophe is an unexpected, black go oning transporting inordinate mutilation, harm, and devastation and desolation to life and belongings. The mutilation caused by catastrophes is incalculable and differs with the topographical location, clime and the type of the Earth surface/degree of susceptibleness. These effects may be mental, socio-economic, political and cultural province of the affected country. Catastrophe may be work forces made ( Artificial ) and natural. Some definition of catastrophe as follow: An happening doing widespread devastation and hurt ; a catastrophe.† Emergency â€Å"A serious state of affairs or happening that happens out of the blue and demands immediate action [ 1 ] .† ( American Heritage Dictionary. 3 rd. ed. , 1996 ) In modern-day academe, catastrophes are seen as the consequence of jeopardies on vulnerable countries. Hazards that occur in countries with low exposure do non ensue in a catastrophe ; as is the instance in uninhabited parts. ( Quarantelli 1998 ) [ 2 ] . Acatastropheis a natural or semisynthetic ( or technological ) jeopardy ensuing in an event of significant extent doing important physical harm or devastation, loss of life, or drastic alteration to the environment. A catastrophe can be extensively defined as any tragic event stemming from events such as temblors, inundations, ruinous accidents, fires, or detonations. It is a phenomenon that can do harm to life and belongings and destruct the economic, societal and cultural life of people. [ 3 ] 2.1 Natural Catastrophe A natural catastrophe is an deduction when a natural danger touches creatures and/or the built atmosphere. The resulting harm is governed by on the capacity of the population to back up or contend the catastrophe: their resiliency. This apprehension is concentrated in the preparation: â€Å" catastrophes occur when jeopardies meet defencelessness † . A natural danger will hereafter ne'er consequence in a natural catastrophe in countries without exposure. Numerous uniquenesss like, landslides, temblors, eruptions, volcanic, cyclones and inundations are all natural jeopardies that kill 1000s of people and destroy moneys of district and goods every clip. Followings are the chief natural catastrophes:EarthquakesFloodsVolcanic eruptionsCyclonesBiological agents ( micro-organisms, insect or vermin infestation )Fires ( wildfires )Rain2.2. Artificial ( Men Made ) Catastrophe With the technological development the jeopardies besides grows. Artificial catastrophes besides can be caused by worlds. Dangerous stuffs exigencies include chemical tumbles and groundwater pollution. Workplace fires ( caused by short-circuit etc. ) are more common and can arise significant belongings mutilation and loss of life. Communities are besides defenseless to these menaces posed by overzealous groups who use fierceness against both people and belongings. In Artificial catastrophe, marks may include military and civilian authorities installations, international airdromes, high-profile landmarks and big metropoliss. In Cyber-terrorism involves onslaughts against computing machines ( server down, virus onslaught, choping and unauthorized entree etc. ) and networks done to intimidate or coerce a authorities or its people for political or societal aims. 3. Disaster direction It is a subject that includes devising, armed robbery, and reconstructing society when natural or human-made catastrophes occur. In general, any Crisis direction is the ageless procedure by which all persons, groups, and communities manage jeopardies in an attempt to avoid or hone the impact of catastrophes ensuing from the jeopardies ‘Disaster direction can be defined as the organisation and direction of resources and duties for covering with all human-centered facets of exigencies, in peculiar readiness, response and recovery in order to decrease the impact of catastrophes. [ 4 ] 4. Catastrophe in Libraries Catastrophe either natural or manmade may happen in any administration and at any topographic point of the universe. Its earnestness may be distinguished on preventative, pre-arrangement and other security methods. Now, libraries have entered in the age of electronic age but with the coming of engineering in libraries, the technological ( Artificial ) catastrophe has besides generated. Natural catastrophe like implosion therapy, temblor, cyclones, rain and Volcanic eruptions etc. are indistinguishable and non changed but traveling toward uncertainness due to planetary heating. Day to twenty-four hours semisynthetic catastrophe as power cuts, web failure, cooling- warming, larceny of books, web tower failure, struggle, noise, and force may happen in libraries. Besides these, fire, sever failure, crashing of computing machine besides are major catastrophe in libraries. Sometimes some misshaping may change over in major catastrophe in libraries. 5. Disaster Management in Libraries: Libraries are our guardian or custodian of our history, civilization and civilisation. They are maintaining these records in printed and non-printed papers. Students, scholar outlook are besides linked with libraries. So maintenance and security of libraries are indispensable from catastrophe etc. In this concern Indian libraries ( particularly authorities and public libraries ) frustrated us. Libraries are non so secured in this concern. Most of the libraries have non installed fire dismay system in their libraries. If installed, the care of these systems is zero, merely they became show peace. Libraries are besides faces many twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours catastrophe like power-cuts ( No holding generators ) , no heating-cooling system etc. Libraries are information Centre are besides organizing many workshop, conference and seminar of ICT but neglected the subject like catastrophe direction in libraries [ 5 ] . This is doomed of Libraries as they are supplying reading stuff ( books, diaries and encyclopaedias etc. ) on catastrophe direction to their users for research but for them, there is no such ageless plan in this concern. Fundss are besides a barrier in this concern as libraries non acquiring equal financess for purchase books etc. and these catastrophes are the secondary stage for the libraries. I personally observed in many libraries that there was no such preventative equipment and measuring for this catastrophe ( natural and semisynthetic ) . Catastrophe commanding program is a must be assimilated in preliminary planning of establishing a library and information Centre. Numerous minor arrows for a complete catastrophe direction program, which are independent of each other but are interwoven. Libraries either academic or public and authorization ( Government- Non-Government ) should do the undermentioned proviso in their libraries against catastrophe direction: Fruitful Plan: Each catastrophe has three stages: earlier, during and after. A variableness of programs is required to pull off with each of these stages. There should be fruitful program for catastrophe direction. Catastrophe program must cover complete of the library and information Centre including staff, readers, beginnings of information, equipment and substructure and it must be a concerted squad attempt. Mirror Server/ Backup:There should be agreement of mirror waiter and day-to-day backup of work should be taken on regular base by the competent library staff. Data backup should non maintain in library and be placed at minimal two topographic points. A responsible staff may take this backup with them. AMC of library waiter and UPC may be an alternate security step for this. Power Supply:There should be one chief switch of light system of library and topographic point to put MCV- Light accountant should be installed in the library to avoid short-circuit in light system. Duty:There should be arrested development of duties on staff and suited should be identified and sequence should be fixed in written and verbally. Suitable senior and junior staff should be incorporated in catastrophe planning. Power-Cuts: There should be installing of Solar Power System and UPS to provide the the uninterrupted power supply. Sound proof power generator may be installed for this system. Fire:Fire dismay system and fume sensor should be installed in library on each degree so that any type of fume and fire is detected. The staff preparation is indispensable to manage such system and should openings for staff to be qui vive of what is expected of them in the event of catastrophe. Library should placing imperative parts of the edifice, aggregations, apportioning deliverance primacies, acknowledging utility storage sites, supplying satisfactory fire protection. Extra Fundss Agreement: There should be an extra fund agreement to secure the preventative equipment and for doing such catastrophe agreement in libraries. Rain- Floods: It is impartial as of import to find where the H2O is coming from and should to halt it at its cause as it is to cover up the books. There should be agreement of H2O security out system around the library. The entree of H2O should travel in direct to toss off to earth. User Awareness Program: There should be a user consciousness plan sing the catastrophe direction. This plan may be included in user education/ orientation plan of the library. Workshop/Training and Conference: Time to clip library and information centres should form preparation and workshop plan on catastrophe direction in libraries. Disaster Management Agency:Library and information centres may engage Disaster Management Agency for catastrophe direction. Library may contract with such type of bureau ( Government and Private ) . There are many such types of bureaus are available ( on-line – offline ) for catastrophe direction.6. Decision:Now the scope of catastrophe has increased, natural catastrophe is increasing due to planetary heating and unreal catastrophes ( man-made ) are increasing with the coming of Information Communication Technology. Pre-planning for catastrophe is really of import as this direction is inter-linked on each other. These planning should be implemented from the initial stage ( from the point of building of edifice of any administration like libraries ) . Time to clip mock drill should besides implement for proving of the plan. Care of such process is besides really of import. Government, non-government and pull offing governments should besides pay more attending on this issue. Go vernment should besides do such positive policies for libraries and information sing the execution of catastrophe direction.Related BibliographyAparac-Gazivoda, T. and Katalenac, D. ( 1993 ) Wounded libraries in Croatia, Zagreb: Croatian Library Association. Archives, Aldershot: Ashgate.Featherstone, Robin M. , Lyon, Becky J, and Ruffin, Angela B. ( 2008 ) .Librarian’s Role in Disaster Response: an Oral History Project. Journal of Medical Library Association, 96,256-282.doi 10.3163/1536-5050.96.4.009.Golrick, Michael A. ( 2009 ) . Disaster direction: Stairss in the procedure. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //michaelgolrick.blogspot.com/2009/03/disaster-management-plan-steps-in.html.Saint matthews, G. and Eden, P. ( 1996 ) Disaster direction in British libraries. Project study with guidelines for library directors, London: The British Library.Saint matthews, Graham, & A ; Eden, Paul. ( 1996 ) â€Å" Disaster direction preparation in libraries † , Library R eview, Vol. 45 Iodine: 1, pp.30 – 38Riedlmayer, A. ( 2007 ) ‘Crimes of war, offenses of peace: devastation of libraries during and after the Balkan wars of the 1990s’ , Library Trends 1 ( 56 ) , 107-132.1

Dbms Implentation Essays

Dbms Implentation Essays Dbms Implentation Essay Dbms Implentation Essay Learning Team Assignment: DBMS Implementation Plan Resource: Virtual Organization for Huffman Trucking Write a 10-12 page plan for the implementation of an enterprise DBMS for Huffman Trucking. Assume that the Microsoft ® Access Fleet Truck Maintenance Database listed on the Huffman Trucking intranet site has been implemented. Assume other departments within Huffman Trucking have stand-alone databases, at least one of which uses database software other than Microsoft ® Access. Identify all of your assumptions. Your plan should discuss the details and features of the DBMS that would be implemented, problems that would be addressed by the system implementation, and issues that might be incurred during the system’s implementation. Introduction With increasingly more data requiring to be saved, arranged, and accessed in an organization, the requirement to apply and use a good Database Management System (DBMS) has become essential. DBMS systems vary from an easy system for example Microsoft ® Access to more complicated systems for example Structured Query Language (SQL) and Oracle. The aim of this analysis is to look into the existing procedures being utilized in Huffman Trucking since they relate with data storing, organization, and accessibility and then to suggest what DBMS system might meet the requirements of the organization. This evaluation will start looking at the existing DBMS system being used by Huffman Trucking and determine the weaknesses and strengths of the existing process(s). After the research into the existing system is finished, our team will look at different DBMS systems to determine which system would be much better suited to Huffman Trucking. As soon as the DBMS system is determined, our team will show the details and characteristics of the suggested DBMS system which Huffman Trucking must look into to buy and implement. Finally, our team will suggest an agenda for applying the suggested DBMS system, determine which issues in the existing Huffman Trucking might be fixed by using the system, and determine problems which may be incurred during the system’s execution. Requests, Analysis, and Responses Company’s Request When the organization was small, having the ability to monitor everything from truck repair and company staff was relatively simple but; since the company has expanded a requirement for a better system has developed. Huffman Trucking has turned to our company to examine their existing database procedures, determine the weaknesses and strengths of their existing database system, and suggest both an improved database system as well as methods the system may be applied in the organization. Current Analysis for Huffman Trucking About the Company: Huffman Trucking was established by K. Huffman in 1936, with a one semi-tractor trailer operation which has expanded to an operation which presently has more than eight hundred road tractors, more than 2,100 trailers, and more than 260 â€Å"roll-on/roll-off† units utilized to shift cargo off and on ships to their tractors. Presently the Company Office and Service Center is situated in Cleveland, OH, with other facilities in Los Angeles, CA, St. Louis, MO, as well as Bayonne, NJ. The organization employs more than 925 drivers as well as 425 support staff. The organization forecasts that they will carry on growing therefore requiring additional vehicles, drivers as well as staff. Analysis of Current Database Processes Huffman Trucking presently uses a number of different database systems to incorporate Microsoft ® Access, MySQL, as well as Microsoft ® Excel files. Microsoft ® Access is used by the maintenance division to save, arrange, and access 2 different maintenance databases to incorporate: Entities and Attributes for Drivers Log and the Entities and Attributes for Fleet Truck Maintenance. MySQL is presently used by the Human Resource division to save, arrange and get access to information on all associates in the organization. Though not a database management system, several individual divisions maintain data information saved and arranged on Microsoft ® Excel spreadsheets (Apollo Group, 2004). Weaknesses of Current Database Processes Contrary to the strengths, there are several weak points regarding the existing database procedures. Firstly, theres no continuity or uniformity of data from all divisions and places in the organization. This may lead to data mistakes, duplicate data in the various systems used, and the failure to develop helpful information which can help Huffman Trucking make better company decisions. A lot of data is being saved and arranged on Excel spreadsheets, that can be lost if the computer system the data is saved might fail. These Excel spreadsheets also can just be accessed by some associates in the organization and might not be for other divisions or associates. Using MySQL and Microsoft ® Access assists however all the data being saved in the databases arent shared with most of the organization. Response to Company’s Request After assessing the existing database procedures used by Huffman Trucking, our company agrees with Huffman Trucking’s request to buy and apply a much better database system for the entire organization; this latest system would substitute their Microsoft ® Access, MySQL, and Microsoft ® Excel spreadsheets. Recommended DBMS It is suggested for Huffman Trucking to utilize a company database management system (DBMS). For the reason that; Huffman Trucking needs a DBMS that would help various functions because big amount of data is saved on regular basis and that too at various places. A relational database system for example the Oracle 10g is a strongly recommended database for Huffman Trucking. Oracle 10g assigns an exclusive ID to each transaction or data that makes it simpler to save the data and also serves the objective of easily finding the data. Additionally, exclusive ID which is linked to the data remains same and cant be modified. This saves on the expense of data redundancy whereby, ame data might be saved on many places by various users. Additionally, any data that has to be upgraded may be upgraded quickly and the upgraded file automatically replaces the last file. This will decrease the worry to have an upgraded file with some latest naming convention to ensure that during retrieval, the user recalls which one was the latest version. Though Oracle 10g DBMS might be a costly option re garding the expense of getting and applying this type of DBMS, it is still a valuable investment because it may be operated from one place and can tackle large volumes of data. Another significant aspect is considering for future years. Huffman Trucking might be thinking about applying an ERP in future and this DBMS could be an ideal selection because most ERP systems, for example SAP and Oracle R12, are based on Oracle Databases and it will be simpler for Huffman Trucking to blend Oracle 10g with Oracle R12 or SAP. Additionally, the skilled assets will be used and will be useful during the use of Oracle R12 or SAP. Additionally, Oracle 10g is a dependable database from a famous system application provider, Oracle. Consequently, there will be less data mistakes because of fault due to undesirable Database and if there come up a mistake, the metalink support supplied by Oracle is extremely effective to timely fix the problems about the databases. Additionally, the truth that databases are constantly upgraded by patches and upgrade files supplied by Oracle itself, will make sure that data safety stays unchanged and mistakes are eliminated prior to they are actually experienced by the organization. After evaluating all the benefits linked with Oracle 10g, it may be determined that all the deficiencies in the existing DBMS at Huffman Trucking, shall be eliminated. There might be a cost factor which may hinder the management to consider shifting towards with the deal; however the advantages easily outweigh the expenses. Implementing the DBMS Implementation Plan Huffman Trucking isnt different concerning applying a DBMS, every organization depends on a great DBMS just because it offers all the required tools in applying strategies, establishing and accomplishing business objectives. As the data of a company is their most significant asset, establishing a plan to use the DBMS is extremely important. Huffman Trucking has got offices and hubs in 4 different towns across the country; using a DBMS which would provide the company’s workers access to their data both locally as well as remotely. The plan must concentrate on traditional file processing, file duplication, formats, as well as security. This would also include determining which organizational hubs will be served directly, determining current and future applications which would be required, and significantly, which functions will be used. Determining the document needs is a vital step in that it provides a better option of DBMS supplier selection. Issues that can be solved by the Implementation Presently Huffman Trucking uses several database systems, the staffs are separately handling data, data duplication is yet another problem and the existing system is certain to security threats. As per Anjard (1994), the key reason on applying a DBMS may be described as â€Å"decrease in data redundancy, upgrading mistakes and enhanced data uniformity, greater data integrity and independence from use, assisting development of latest programs, advancement in data safety, lowering of data, storage, and retrieval expenses, and overall improve data access to users†. With this new execution, Huffman Trucking can depend on the system for data administration and data adjustment and utilizing questions to get helpful information. Data management as well as data adjustment are two main characteristics of database system. Having more than one place across the country, the latest execution brings data uniformity and data concurrency. Having a multiuser database, several Huffman’s workers (users) can access data simultaneously and data uniformity make each user sees a uniform view of a data, incorporating noticeable modifications by other users and the user. Workers wont need to save important company papers on their local machines; it can be accessed from shared servers in the network. All hubs have accessibility to data all over the Huffman’s facilities; this will enhance effectiveness and efficiency significantly. The Human Resource Division will have access to every worker record; also managers and other workers who have limited access to sensitive papers. As presently, â€Å"the compensation manager keeps Excel spreadsheet with results of job analyses, salary surveys, as well as personal compensation decisions† (Apollo Group, 2004); this information may be handled by the DBMS providing access to limited users only. This information shouldn’t be placed by a person; the organization must be capable to access information such as this to get helpful information for comparison and analytical functions. Issues that may be incurred during Implementation One main problem which most organizations encounter when implementing the latest DBMS is the expense, others vary from its complexity to size cumbersome. The expense underlying execution of DBMS comprises software and hardware, transformation of files-for example file-based to database. Huffman Trucking income report indicates the net income below twenty thousand dollars through the years 2005 and 2006; DBMS are extremely costly, an organization must do detail research prior to selecting which system to use. A few DBMS expenses might be reduced based on the characteristics as well as functions which are needed by the company. Other problems arent restricted to working in the software and hardware standards of the company and utilizing present resources to reduce cost. Time and economic limitations must be taken into consideration; the requirements of the company must be met. Employees’ capability to get accustomed to the latest system must also be considered; the system will provide a major improvement to the company but might have a damaging as well as challenging influence on the users. Database systems are complicated, a highly trained staff will assist ease the conversion procedure. Every worker who requires to makes use of the system must be skilled, or the users will rebel and the system will fail. Conclusion Discussion starts here . . .